言不必称希腊——论西方“人的尊严”思想的起源

There is Somewhere except Greece: On the Origin of Western Thought of “Human Dignity”

世人皆以古希腊为哲学、思想之源。然而,至少就“人的尊严”思想而言,情况并非如此。因为古希腊古典时代的人论带有片面性,在阶级、种族等方面有强烈的歧视色彩,只有到希腊化时代的斯多葛派、犹太—基督教《圣经》那里,人才摆脱外在条件如身份、财富、地位、性别等的限制,获得了普遍的平等地位。基于此,本文认为古希腊可以作为西方人学的源头,而“人的尊严”思想的发生、发展是人学发展到一定阶段的历史产物。这是需要我们历史地、辩证地看待的一个问题。

Everyone takes ancient Greece as the source of philosophies and thoughts.However,at least it is wrong on the thought of“Human Dignity”.Because in human theories of classical times of ancient Greeks with the character of one-sideness,we can seediscriminations between classes,races,and so on.Only with the help of Stoics in Hellenistic times and the Bible of Judaism and Christianity,men could get rid of external limits(for example,identity,wealth,status,gender)and get general and equal status.Because of it,this article takes ancient Greece as the source of Western homonology,in contrast,considers the advent and development of“Human Dignity”as a historical product in certain times.Above all,this is a question which needs to be investigated in a historical and dialectical way.