生物质基炭气凝胶复合材料在超级电容器中应用的研究进展

Research Progress in Application of Biomass Based Carbon Aerogel Composites in Supercapacitors

生物质基炭气凝胶环境友好、成本低廉,不仅具有稳定性高、导电性好、比表面积大和孔隙结构可调节的特点,还兼具力学性能稳定、弹性好的优势,是制备复合材料的一种优良基底材料。近年来,研究人员利用生物质基炭气凝胶的这些特点,通过负载理论比电容较高的金属化合物、导电聚合物和导电性能良好、力学性能稳定的石墨烯等材料以及掺杂杂原子的方法开发了一系列复合材料,并将其应用在超级电容器中,取得了一定的进展。本文综述了生物质基炭气凝胶复合过渡金属化合物、导电聚合物、石墨烯以及掺杂杂原子的方法,分析了不同制备方法的优势与弊端,总结了不同种类的生物质基炭气凝胶复合材料在超级电容器领域的应用,最后针对生物质基炭气凝胶复合材料的制备及在超级电容器应用中所面临的问题,对未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Biomass-based carbon aerogel is environmentally friendly and low cost that not only has the advantages of high stability,good conductivity,large specific surface area and adjustable pore structure,but is also characterized by its stable mechanical properties and good elasticity,and is also an excellent basic material for the preparation of composite materials.In recent years,researchers have developed a series of composites using metal compounds and conducting redox polymers with high specific capacitance,graphene with good electrical conductivity and stable mechanical properties,as well as doping hetero atoms supported on biomass-based carbon aerogel.Moreover,progress has been made in applying these composite materials to supercapacitors.In this paper,the preparation methods of transition metal compounds,conductive polymers,graphene,and doping heteroatoms supported on biomass-based carbon aerogel were reviewed.The advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods were analyzed.Moreover,the applications of different biomass-based carbon aerogel composites in supercapacitors were summarized.Finally,the problems in the preparation of biomass-based carbon aerogel composites and in the application of supercapacitors were discussed,and the future development trend was prospected.