《四书章句集注》中的“中道”政治思想——以《论语集注》为中心

The Political Thought of "Middle Way" in the Texts and Annotation of the Four Books——With a Focus on the Annotation of the Analects of Confucius

"中也者,天下之大本也。"在儒家看来,"中道"为天地之本,也是人道经纶。这种精神在《论语》中体现得最为明显。儒家认为,人类的生活起居应该效法这种"中道"精神。正因如此,孔子倡导治理国家要"道之以德,齐之以礼",即君民都要遵循"中道"精神的"礼"而行事。就整个政治秩序而言,个体的"克己"与国家礼乐与政刑之"中"共同达至大同的政治理想。

"The thought of the mean is the great foundation of the world".According to Confucianism,the"middle way"is the foundation of heaven and earth,and it is also the merit and ethic of humanity.This spirit is most evident in the Analects of Confucius.Confucianism believes that people’s everyday life should follow the"middle way"spirit.It is for this reason that Confucius advocated governing the country with"virtue and rites",that is to say,both the king and his subjects should follow the"rites"which belong to the"middle way"spirit.As far as the general political order is concerned,the individual’s"self-restraint"on one hand and the"middle way"between the state’s rites and music and government’s decrees and punishments on the other could reach the same political ideal of"great unity"of the world.