马克思虚拟资本思想探微

Exploration into Fictitious Capital of Marx’s Theory

马克思遵循逻辑与历史相统一的原则,在考察现实资本运动过程中,揭示了虚拟资本的产生过程、表现形式及其与现实资本的关系。虚拟资本的产生有两条线索:一条是货币资本的独立化运动;另一条是信用的发展。马克思从"货币经营资本"入手分析了从产业资本独立出来的货币资本经营形式;由于信用介入,货币资本独立运动范围扩大,日渐脱离现实资本,发展出商业汇票、没有黄金保证的银行券、股票、国债券等虚拟资本形式。虚拟资本产生于现实资本,但并不完全依附于现实资本,它可以独立于现实资本甚至控制和掠夺现实资本。

Following the principle of the unity of logic and history,Marx revealed the generating of fictitious capital,its forms and its relationship with real capital in the process of examining the real capital.There are two clues of the emergence of fictitious capital,one is the independent movement of monetary capital,the other is the development of credit.Starting from"monetary capital",Marx analyzed the form of monetary capital management which was independent from industrial capital.Due to the intervention of credit,the scope of independent movement of monetary capital expanded,and it gradually separated from the real capital,and developed fictitious capital forms such as commercial bills of exchange,bank notes without gold guarantee,stocks,and national bonds.Fictitious capital is generated from real capital,but it is not completely dependent on real capital.It can be independent of real capital and even control and plunder real capital.