老龄健康风险的特征、来源及其伦理规制

Characteristics, Sources and Ethical Regulation of Health Risks of the Elderly

老龄阶段是健康风险相对最高的阶段。潜伏性与突发性并存、特异性与可变性交叉、普遍性及其负面协同效应明显是老龄健康风险的三个基本特征。生命健康周期的不可逆性、医疗保险制度的不完善、社区健康管理和家庭照料的不周全构成老龄健康风险的三个主要来源。老龄健康风险的伦理规制包括三个方面:进一步完善基于公共健康需求的社会医疗保险制度,公正性是其底线伦理要求;建立健全基于差异性健康需求的商业医疗保险制度,效率优先是其主要伦理特征;构建基于“互联网+”的智慧健康社区道德关怀网络,主动式体验、多方参与、动态管理是其要点。

The aging stage is the stage with the highest health risk.The coexistence of latency and suddenness,the intersection of specificity and variability,the obviousness of universality and its negative synergistic effect are the three basic characteristics of the health risks of the elderly.The irreversibility of life health cycle,the imperfection of medical insurance system,the incompleteness of community health management and family care constitute the three main sources of health risks of the elderly.The ethical regulation of the health risks of the elderly includes three aspects:further improving the social medical insurance system based on public health needs;following the basic ethical requirement on justice;establishing and improving the commercial medical insurance system based on the differential health needs;following major ethical regulation on the priority of efficiency;and building a network of intelligent health community based on"Internet+"with moral care.The key points are active experience,multi-party participation and dynamic management.