摘要
法国大革命是法国的社会救助从前现代向现代转型的重要分水岭。这种突破性变化体现在思想和制度两个方面。在思想上,基于大革命所确立的现代人权观念,相关法律赋予穷人相应的权利和义务,由此与传统慈善相区隔。在制度上,得益于大革命强化的中央集权和官僚体制,革命者试图推行由国家负责的公共救济。然而这种良好的愿景主要停留在立法层面,实践层面依然举步维艰,穷人得到的利益理论大于实际。热月反动后,国家对穷人的关注越来越少,社会救助又逐渐回到传统模式中。尽管大革命的转型尝试算不上成功,但为现代社会保障制度的发展积累了经验。
The French revolution was an important watershed in the transformation of social relief in France.This kind of breakthrough change manifests in the dimensions of ideas and system.In terms of ideas,based on the modern concept of human rights established by the Revolution,relevant laws endowed the poor with corresponding rights and obligations,thus separating them from traditional charity.As for the system,given the centralization and bureaucracy strengthened by the Revolution,the revolutionaries tried to promote public relief provided by the state.However,this kind of good vision mainly stayed at the level of legislation,but it was still difficult to implement in practice,and the benefits got by the poor were more in theory than in reality.After the Thermidorian Reaction,the state paid less and less attention to the poor,and social relief gradually returned to the traditional mode.Although the attempt of transformation was not successful during the Revolution,it had accumulated experience for the development of modern social security system.
出处
《世界历史评论》
2019年第3期62-73,M0004,共13页
The World History Review
基金
2016年国家社会科学基金重大项目“欧洲社会福利制度建构的历史经验及其对中国的启示”(项目编号:16ZDA141)的阶段性成果