国家资源输入的内卷化现象分析——基于成都市村公资金的“行政吸纳自治”

Analysis of the Involution of National Resource Input: On the "Administrative Absorption of Self-governance" in the Use of Village Public Service Funds in Chengdu City

以成都市村级公共服务和社会管理改革为切入点,阐析了国家资源输入在现代化的科层体系不断向乡村延伸的背景下,对村民自治的激活和影响;成都市实施村级公共服务和社会管理改革10年来的转变,成都市早期在向村庄输入资源时,输入了资金使用规则,形成了一种制度化的村民动员机制;村公资金的使用近年来开始出现了内卷化趋势,表现为资金开支的高度“结构化”、村庄“积极治理”的高成本、以及行政任务对自治事务的挤压;村公资金的大量输入并没有带来村庄治理能力的同步提升。在国家资源输入的内卷化趋势背后,存在村公资金的“行政吸纳自治”逻辑,一方面,源于现代科层化逻辑不断进入乡村治理中,使村公资金的使用日益程序化、正规化,消耗了治理资源,导致对村民自治空间的挤压;另一方面,源于自上而下的行政任务不断增加,使村公资金被一块一块地切割出去应付行政任务,形成了行政对自治的吸纳。

Based on the study of the Village Public Service and Social Administration Reform in Chengdu City, this paper explores how the national resource input activates the village self-governance and the resource input shapes the village self-governance under the penetration of the bureaucratic system in the countryside. It has found out that the reform in Chengdu has changed in the recent decade. In the early stage, the village public service funds (VPSF) did contribute to the mobilization of villagers. The resource input came together with the rules input, which resulted in an institutionalized community mobilization dynamics. However, the involution of the use of VPSF has been observed in the forms of the highly structured expenditure of the funds, the high costs of positive governance and the squeeze of self-governance by the administrative tasks recent years. It means that the large input of resources fails in governance capability improvement. As the bureaucratic principles penetrate in the rural governance, the expenditure procedures become increasingly standardized, leading to the squeeze of the village self-governance. On the other hand, the village-level organizations have to spend more VPSF in dealing with more and more tasks from the top-down administration. These factors both lead to the administrative absorption of self-governance.