新形势下新疆重大水利工程科技需求与展望

Scientific and technical demands and prospects of major water conservancy projects in Xinjiang under new circumstances

2014年国务院决定集中力量有序推进172项全局性、战略性节水供水重大水利工程,新疆有16个项目纳入本次规划,涉及投资1300亿元,包括引(调)水工程、山区控制性水利枢纽工程、大型灌区续建配套节水改造骨干工程、田间高效节水工程、生态环境保护工程等。这些工程的建设将集中解决新疆水利的短板问题,但同时又面临着新疆独特环境对水利科技的考验和挑战,如严寒区240 m高拱坝的筑坝技术、247 m高面板坝筑坝技术、280 km超长输水隧洞建造技术、长距离输水管道的安全防护技术、尾闾型湖泊生态修复技术、山区中小型调蓄工程技术、高效节水与水-盐-肥调控及盐碱地改良生物技术、中小河流治理与景观结合关键技术等。本文将详细分析新形势下新疆重大水利工程科技需求与展望,以期为新疆水利工程的建设提供参考。

In 2014,the State Council decided to concentrate on orderly promoting 172 overall and strategic major water conservancy projects of water-saving and water supply;among which 16 projects in Xinjiang are included in the plan,involving an investment of 130 billion yuan and including water diversion(transfer)projects,key water control water projects in mountainous regions,continued constructions of key matching water-saving improvement projects,field efficient water-saving projects,eco-environment protection projects,etc.The constructions of all of these projects are to focus on solving the short-boards problems from the water conservancy in Xinjiang,but meanwhile,the challenges and tests from Xinjiang′s unique environment on water science and technology are to be faced,such as the construction technology of high arch dam with the height of 240 m,the construction technology of concrete face rockfill dam with the height of 247 m,the construction technology of the super-long water conveyance tunnel with the length of 280 km,safety protection technology for long-distance water pipeline,eco-restoration technology of tail-end lake,engineering technologies for small and medium-sized regulation and storage project in mountainous regions,efficient water saving and water-salt-fertilizer regulation as well as improvement biotechnologies for saline-alkali land,the key technologies for medium-small rivers improvements combined with landscapes,etc.The demands and prospects of the major water conservancy projects in Xinjiang under the new circumstances are analyzed herein in detail,so as to provide some references for the constructions of the water conservancy projects in Xinjiang.