子弹撞击碳化硼陶瓷复合靶试验与数值模拟研究

Ballistic test and numerical simulation on penetration of a boron-carbide-ceramic composite target by a bullet

碳化硼陶瓷具有高硬度、低密度的特性,在装甲防护领域有广泛的应用前景,碳化硼陶瓷及其复合靶的冲击破坏特性是装甲防护领域近期的焦点问题之一。本文中基于剩余穿深方法,开展了碳化硼及复合靶抗12.7 mm穿甲燃烧弹侵彻的试验研究。建立了碳化硼陶瓷复合靶抗弹数值模拟模型,根据试验研究结果验证数值模拟方法的可靠性。在此基础上,开展了12.7 mm穿甲燃烧弹侵彻碳化硼陶瓷复合靶的数值模拟研究,重点研究了靶板配置、背板厚度及种类对复合靶抗弹性能的影响。结果表明:靶板面密度相同的情况下,随着陶瓷厚度的增大,陶瓷复合靶的抗弹性能提高;陶瓷厚度相同时,陶瓷复合靶抗弹性能提升的效率随其面密度的增大而下降。陶瓷/PE(polyethylene)结构适合抵抗低速弹体的侵彻破坏,陶瓷/铝结构适合抵抗高速弹体的侵彻破坏。

Boron carbide(B4C)ceramic has been widely used in armor fence due to its high hardness and low density.Ballistic performance of B4C ceramic and its composite targets has been one of the focuses recently.Ballistic performance of B4C ceramic composite targets defending 12.7 mm calibre armor-piercing bullets were explored through depth-of-penetration experiments and the corresponding numerical simulation model was established.The numerical simulation model for 12.7 mm calibre armor-piercing bullets penetrating into B4C ceramic composite targets was verified through the comparison between numerical results and experimental data.The influences of target configuration,back layer thickness and type on the ballistic performance of the composite targets were explored.It can be figured out from the results that for the composite targets with same areal density,the thicker the ceramic target,the better its ballistic performance;the increasing rate in the ballistic performance of the ceramic composite target decreases when the areal density increases and the ceramic thickness keeps constant.Ceramic/polyethylene(PE)structures are more suitable for defending against penetration by low-velocity bullets,while ceramic/Al structures are more suitable for defending against penetration by high-velocity bullets.