三线建设与云南城镇发展

The Third-Front Movement and the Urban Development of Yunnan

三线建设时期是云南城镇发展的变奏期和转型期,国家主导下、以备战为目的大规模工业建设不仅扩大了云南城镇的数量、规模,拓展了空间布局,还从根本上改变了它们的产业类型和职能结构,实现了云南城镇体系的重塑。以国防、交通和重工业为核心的三线建设消解了云南城镇的消费性因素,强化了生产性特征,并催生了重工业城镇超前突进的城镇化新形态。三线建设的利弊、得失直接影响着云南城镇化的效果,特殊的路径依赖模式使得云南主要城镇跟随着三线建设的节奏,处于“发展过快”与“发展过缓”交织,“城市化”与“逆城镇化”叠加的状态之中。

The Third-Front Movement period was the variation and transformation period of Yunnan’s urban development.The massive industry which was led by the country and was to prepare for the war not only expanded the number,the construction scale and the urban space layout of the cities in Yunnan,but also fundamentally changed their industry types and functional structures.The urban system in Yunnan had been reconstructed.Via the Third Front Construction centering on the defense,the traffic and the heavy industry,the consumption factors of the cities and towns in Yunnan were eliminated,and their production characteristics strengthened.In addition,the new urbanization types with advanced heavy industry town were spawned.The advantages and disadvantages,the successes and failures directly affect the urbanization effect in Yunnan.Because of special path dependence patterns,the development of major cities and towns in Yunnan had followed the pace of the movement,and they were in the state characterized by the overlap of developing too fast and too slow and that of urbanization and counter-urbanization.