制度型对外开放的支点:私法关系涉外性之界定及重构

The Pivot Point of System-oriented Opening up:Definition and Reconstruction of Private Legal Relations with Foreign Elements

国际私法是我国规范涉外私法关系、建构私法领域对外开放秩序的基本法律,私法关系的涉外性是其发挥功效的支点。私法关系涉外与否,将在程序与实体上产生体系化的法律效力差异。我国迄今采取法律关系要素涉外的方式界定私法关系的涉外性,这在涉外民商事交往相对简单、法律关系较为传统的历史形势下较好地发挥了建构涉外私法秩序的功效。自贸区(港)、深圳前海、外商投资、共建"一带一路"倡议下"一站式"争端解决机制等对外开放的创新安排和实践,对现行涉外私法关系界定规则造成了新的冲击。我国应积极回应新形势下制度型对外开放的要求,顺势革新涉外私法关系界定规则,对外协调民法等周边规范,对内融贯法律适用法的内在安排,引入实质关联标准,设立矫正规则,创建"非内域私法关系"特别规则,为我国更高水平对外开放的创新安排与实践探索预留空间,为我国从政策型开放向制度型开放转变奠定基石。

Private international law is the basic law for China to regulate private legal relations with foreign elements and build an opening-up order in the private section. The definition of private legal relations with foreign elements is its pivot point to play roles. Whether the legal relations are foreign-related triggers systematical differences of legal effects both on the substance and procedure. The current analysis of the elements of legal relations has worked well in constructing the order of foreign-related private legal relations when transnational civil and commercial transactions are simple and the legal relations are traditional. The current rules to define private legal relations with foreign elements have been challenged by innovative arrangements and practice of opening-up such as the Pilot Free Trade Zone(Port), Modern Service Industry Cooperation area of Qianhai between Shenzhen and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of People’s Republic of China, foreign investment, and the one-stop dispute resolution mechanisms in the Belt and Road Initiative. China should actively respond to the requirements of system-oriented opening up under the new circumstance, innovate rules to define private legal relations with foreign elements, coordinate with civil law and other related laws externally, integrate the arrangement of the application of law internally, introduce substantially-related criteria, lay down correction rules, create special rules for non-domestic private legal relations, to make room for innovation arrangement and practice exploration of China’s higher level opening up, and lay a foundation for the shift from the policy-oriented to system-oriented opening.