减贫:南非农业的使命——来自中国的经验借鉴

Poverty reduction: the mission of agriculture in South Africa——Experiences from China and its enlightenments

农业部门经济增长具有最大的减贫效应。贫困是当前全球面临的巨大挑战,中国通过农业部门经济增长实现了大规模减贫,成效显著。从中国实践中获取有益经验有利于推进全球,尤其是非洲的减贫事业。本文考察了南非贫困现状,对比了各阶段南非和中国的农业减贫主要做法,并对南非今后减贫事业提出了相关建议。研究发现,南非在减贫道路上面临着农业发展限制多、失业率居高不下以及家庭粮食不安全等挑战。南非减贫当务之急是促就业、提收入、缩差距,这与中国2001-2012年减贫阶段性任务有相似之处,但在减贫措施上截然不同。南非没有充分认识到促进农业农村经济增长对减贫的重要性,而更多采用诸如社会保障等福利型扶贫措施。基于中国减贫经验,要使农业产业发挥可持续的减贫效果,南非首先应继续推进农村土地改革,将发展置于第一要务,加大公共政策对农业的支持力度,改善农村基础设施,促进农业农村经济快速增长;其次要把握好社会保障扶贫的度;第三要积极参与农业减贫实践的国际交流和合作。

Economic growth in agriculture plays a vital role in poverty reduction.Poverty is a general problem facing countries all over the world.China made significant progress on poverty alleviation through agriculture growth.It’s beneficial for countries under poverty to get some enlightenment from China’s experiences,especially for South Africa(SA).This paper first introduces the current situation of poverty and poverty alleviation practice through agriculture economy in SA,and then analyzes the difference of practices between China and SA.Subsequently,suggestions,based on practice in China,are given to SA’s poverty reduction mission.The study finds that poverty is much severe both in rural area and city in SA.Restricts on agriculture development,high rate of unemployment,and household food insecurity are challenges threatening the process of poverty reduction in SA.Household agriculture has a positive impact on securing food for household and restraining absolute poverty.But the SA usually takes social protection as measure to control poverty,and doesn’t realize how important agriculture is on poverty reduction.To achieve sustainable development goals,SA should keep land and rural revolution on going and put the economy affair first.Meanwhile more public supports should be take on agriculture,rural infrastructure and economic development,then balance the poverty alleviation effect of social protection and its side effect.Finally SA should promote international communication and cooperation with China in poverty reduction through agriculture.