厦门市陆地生态系统空气负离子服务能力评估

Service Capacity of Negative Air Ions in the Terrestrial Ecosystem of Xiamen City

为探讨厦门市陆地生态系统负离子的服务能力及其影响因素,以生态系统产生的有益于人类身心健康的空气负离子个数为表征指标,改进了空气负离子服务评估方法,基于空气负离子监测数据计算了厦门市空气负离子服务功能量,并分析了厦门市空气负离子的时空变化规律及其影响因子.结果表明:厦门市2015年空气负离子服务功能量为1.37×10^25个,单位面积负离子服务功能量为0.8×10^16个m^2.从行政分区来看,同安区空气负离子服务功能量最大,约占厦门市总量的56.5%;从生态系统类型上看,森林生态系统空气负离子服务功能量最大,约占厦门市总量的86.6%.厦门市空气负离子日浓度存在明显的“波峰”与“波谷”,波峰主要分布01:00—07:00之间,波谷主要分布在12:00左右;厦门市空气负离子浓度存在明显的季节性变化特征,夏季生态系统空气负离子平均浓度为2437个cm^3,约为春季的2倍;不同生态系统空气负离子浓度存在明显差异,如森林远大于草地、耕地等生态系统;对于大多数生态系统类型而言,空气负离子浓度主要受到温度和湿度的影响,表现为随着温度的升高而降低、随着湿度的升高而增加.研究显示,厦门市森林生态系统的空气负离子服务能力最强,乔木绿地空气负离子服务能力大于灌木、草本绿地,城市森林、乔木绿地面积越大,为人类提供的空气负离子服务越大.

To explore the service capacity of negative air ions and the factors affecting it in Xiamen terrestrial ecosystems,this study took the data of air negative ions generated by the ecosystem that are beneficial to human physical and mental health as the indicator,improved the service evaluation method of negative air ions,based on negative air ion monitoring data,calculated their service function,and analyzed their spatiotemporal dynamic variations and influential factors.The results indicate that the service capacity of negative air ions in Xiamen City was 1.37×10^25 ions in 2015,and the service capacity distribution of negative air ions was 0.8×10^16 ions m^2.Tong′an contributed the largest proportion of negative air ions of any district within Xiamen City,with a rate of 56.5%.Forestland was the main ecosystem contributor of negative air ions in Xiamen City,with a rate of 86.6%.The daily concentration of negative air ions exhibited prominent peaks and valleys,with peaks primarily distributed from 01:00-07:00,and valleys distributed around 12:00.Seasonal change was significant:the summertime concentration of negative air ions was 2437 ions cm^3,which is twice that of the springtime level.The concentrations of negative air ions for different ecosystems were markedly different.Forests displayed higher concentrations than other ecosystems,such as grassland and farmland.The main factors affecting negative air ions were found to be temperature and humidity.Negative air ion concentration decreased with increasing temperature and increased with increasing humidity.This study revealed that the forest ecosystem has the strongest service capacity of negative air ions.In addition,the service capacity of arbor greenbelts is greater than that of shrub and herb greenbelts.In urban centers,the greater the area of forests and arbor greenbelts,the greater the service capacity of negative air ions.