液氨储罐泄漏扩散危害范围研究

Study on the damage range of liquid ammonia storage tank leakage diffusion

针对液氨储罐泄漏扩散危害范围的问题,以某电厂液氨储罐为例,运用ALOHA数值模拟技术,分别就初始条件(泄漏孔径大小、泄漏位置)、大气条件(风速、温度)、地表粗糙度和昼夜变化等因素对液氨储罐泄漏扩散造成的危害范围进行研究,并根据模拟结果,拟合了初始条件和大气条件以及它们综合作用与液氨储罐泄漏扩散危害范围的关系式。结果表明:随着泄漏孔径增大,环境温度升高,警戒范围会扩大;随着泄漏位置升高,风速增大,地表粗糙度增大,警戒范围会缩小;夜间比白天的大气稳定度高,造成的危害更大。根据拟合得到的关系式进行数值模拟,得到的拟合度分别为0.96,0.99和0.99,证明拟合得到的关系式能较为准确地反映各因素与泄漏扩散伤害距离的关系。根据分析,确定最有利扩散条件,利用卫星云图对危害范围进行实地拟合,为日常监管与应急救援提供合理决策。研究结果可为液氨储罐泄漏事故的有效预防及应急处置提供科学技术依据。

In order to study the problem of the leakage range of liquid ammonia storage tank leakage,taking the liquid ammonia storage tank of a power plant as an example,the influences of leakage pore size,leakage location,wind speed,temperature,surface roughness,and diurnal variation on the leakage diffusion of liquid ammonia storage tank were analyzed by ALOHA numerical simulation technology.And the initial conditions and atmospheric conditions and the relationship between their comprehensive effects on the leakage spread of liquid ammonia storage tanks were fitted.The results showd that as the leakage aperture increased,the ambient temperature increased and the warning range would increase.As the leakage position elevated,the wind speed increase,the surface roughness increase,and the warning range would decrease;The atmospheric stability at night was higher than that in the day,and could cause great harm.The initial conditions and the external environment and their combined effects on the liquid ammonia tank leakage diffusion hazard range were fitted and the numerical simulation results were 0.96,0.99 and 0.99,respectively.The fitting formula conld accurately reflect the various factors and the relationship between the leakage spread damage distance.Then,according to the analysis,the most favorable diffusion conditions were determined,and the hazard range was fitted on the spot with satellite cloud images,so as to provide reasonable countermeasures for daily supervision and emergency rescue.This study provided scientific and technological means for effective prevention and emergency disposal of liquid ammonia tank leakage accidents.