地图与女性:美国进步时代女性的批判性制图实践及其社会功用

Maps and Women: Women’s Critical Cartographic Practice and Its Social Functions in the American Progressive Era(1890-1920)

美国进步时代(1890-1920年)期间,女性在参与选举权运动、社会安置中心建设、公路基础设施建设和宗教传播等社会活动时,绘制了妇女选举权地图、社区专题地图、公路交通地图和操演地图,客观上展开了"批判性制图"政治化、女性化、民主化和多样化的实践,一定程度上突破了西方传统制图学的框架,对社会和女性自身影响巨大。女性通过夺取制图话语权,不仅生产和传播了地理知识,而且进一步跨越了传统性别空间的界限划分,重塑了女性身份,重构了美国国家风景,改变了美国对自身和世界的认识。

During the American Progressive Era(1890-1920),women participated in suffrage movement,social settlement movement,good road movement and missionary work. They developed critical cartography while they drew maps for women’s suffrage,communities in special themes,roads and exercises and drills,resulting in the politicization,feminization,democratization and diversification of mapping.These results represented breakthroughs in the traditional cartography of the West,and a great influence on women and society. By seizing the power of discourse in cartography,women not only produced and disseminated geographic knowledge,but also crossed the boundaries of traditional gendered space and reshaped their own identity. They helped construct a new American landscape,and change America’s understanding of itself and the world.