女性与沙龙:现代主义文化生产与流动空间

Women and Salon: Modernist Cultural Production and Fluid Space

20世纪早期的美国现代主义文化生产依赖于一个特殊条件,即介于公共空间和私人空间、公共领域和私人领域之间的域界空间。美国女作家以其敏感的学术触觉捕捉到这一需求,巧妙利用和超越性别空间划分,将城市私宅打造成集家庭空间、社交空间与文化空间为一体的沙龙空间,通过举办画展、茶会、读书会等形式,参与并推动了美国现代主义的产生和发展。同时,沙龙推动了性别平等和女性文学的发展,主要体现在:一方面,沙龙的女性专场促进了女性作家的群体认同,增强了凝聚力,释放了创造潜力;另一方面,沙龙女主人不仅自身实现了在召集人、主持人、赞助人、推广人、艺术家、创作者等多重身份之间的流动,而且以沙龙带动了等级的流动、文化的流动、思想的流动、资本的流动和学科的流动,打出了女性主导现代主义文化生产的旗帜,实现了20世纪对新女性的期待,描绘出一道独特的现代主义文化景观。

The cultural production of American Modernism of the early 20 thcentury required a special condition: a liminal space between public and private space,between public and private sphere. By transforming their private homes into a salon space which integrated domestic space,social space and cultural space,Stein,Barney,Dodge,Fauset and other women writers hosted weekly artistic and literary salons and thereby became active agents in promoting the development of American Modernism. These salons also contributed to gender equality and women literature in two aspects: 1,the female salons strengthened the bonds between women writers and released their creativity;2,the saloniere not only played a range of roles from salon’s organizer,facilitator to patron and writer,but also brought about class mobility,cultural mobility,capital mobility and interdisplinary mobility.