基层治理结构转型研究——“再造—共治”的一个分析框架

The Transformation of Grassroots Governance Structure——An Framework of “Re-engineering—Co-governance”

转型社区在宏观经济差序格局中扮演了"传统农村"与"现代城市"的交织混合体,其处在基层治理转型、治理场域变革的节点之上。基于Z省S市B街道、J省S市Y街道两地转型社区的治理实践,对基层治理场域和治理主体结构进行了考察。经验研究表明,社会基层治理单元正在发生三个维度的深层嬗变:场域转换、主体再造与多元共治。治理场域迎来了空间、规则与资源的三重分野,作为治理主体结构性的背景,其转换的核心推力是政府主导下的"双轨城镇化"。伴随基层治理事务的繁杂化与精细化,现代治理理念向着多元化与协作化演进,在"政府—市场—社会"三方博弈共生的结构力量中,以"政治动员"为表征的科层治理始终处于权力三角关系的中心位置。纵向科层制治理结构体现了三重逻辑动机:资源配置、维稳、社会适应,但自从进入市场经济时代,社会个体的市场意识与契约精神逐渐形塑起来,完全的行政科层体制将难以适应"看不见"的"治理角落"。因此,在"行政科层制—市场契约制"双轨并行的治理主辅模式中,基于经济利益交换的市场行为已发展成为不容忽视的治理力量。与"政府—社区"行政科层治理体系相区别的是,"政府—市场—社区"的治理体系中市场治理的辅助力量往往渗透在科层制失灵的领域。研究以"准物业"为主体再造切入点,分析并理解传统的"政府—村庄",如何在现代"政府—社区"新治理场域转变过程中实践公共精神与契约精神相融合的"政府在场"的治理结构。在此逻辑下,"政府在场"成为贯穿市场力量引入、治理主体再造再到多元主体共治的"机制性"与"过程性"核心要素。立足于转型社区这一社会治理单元的转型载体,透视治理场域与治理主体之间的耦合关系,将"政府在场"在各个层面的细致逻辑充分地剥露出来。"政府在场"的核心观照指向"基层善治",从"再造"到"共治"的过程中,网格化成为基层新的社会治理策略。如何实现在"政府在场"底色场域中,网格化多元主体由"共治"到"善治",让治理主体在"多元善治"中充分激活基层自治精神,成为基层治理转型需要关注的显要论题。

The resettlement community plays an interwoven mixture of"traditional village"and"modern city"in the macroeconomic differential pattern,which is above the node of grassroots governance transformation and governance field reform.Based on the governance practice of East Zhejiang and South Jiangsu,the grassroots governance field and governance main structure were investigated.Empirical research shows that the social grassroots governance unit is undergoing three dimensions of transformation:field transformation,subject re-engineering and pluralistic governance.The governance field has ushered in the triple division of space,rules and resources.As the structural background of the governance subject,the core thrust of its transformation is the"dual-track urbanization"under the leadership of the state.With the complexity and refinement of grassroots governance affairs,the modern state governance concept is diversified and collaboratively evolved.In the structural force of the symbiosis of the tripartite game of"government,market and society",the bureaucratic governance characterized by"p olitical mobilization"is always in the central position of the power-triangle relationship.The national vertical bureaucracy governance structure embodies three logical motives:resource allocation,stability,and social adaptation.However,since entering the era of market economy,the market consciousness and contractual spirit of individuals have gradually shaped,and the complete administrative bureaucracy will be difficult to adapt to the"invisible governance corner".In the main and auxiliary model of"a dministrative bureaucracy-market contract system"dual-track parallel governance,market behavior based on economic interest exchange has developed into a governance force that cannot be ignored.What is different from the"government-community"administrative bureaucratic governance system is that the auxiliary force of market governance in the"government-market-community"governance system is often infiltrated in the field of bureaucratic failure.The study re-creates the entry point of"quasi-property"as the main body,analyzes and understands the traditional"g overnment-village",how to practice the governance structure of"government presence"which combines the public spirit and the contract spirit in the process of the transformation of the new governance field of modern"government-community".Under this logic,the presence of the government has become the core element of the"mechanism"and"process"of the introduction of market forces,the re-engineering of governance subject,and the co-goverance of multi-subjects.Based on the transformation carrier of the social governance unit of the transitional community,the coupling relationship between the governance field and the governance subject is seen,and the meticulous logic of the"government presence"is fully exposed at all levels.The core view of the country爷s presence points to the"good governance at the grassroots level".From the process of"re-engineering"to"co-governance",gridding becomes a new social governance strategy at the grassroots level.How to realize the multi-subject of gridding in the background field of"government-presence"from"co-governance"to"good governance"and let the governance subject fully activate the spirit of grass-roots self-government in"good governance"has become a prominent topic that needs attention in the transformation of grassroots governance.