超滤膜组合技术对烟草提取物化学成分的影响

Effect of membrane combination technology on chemical components of tobacco extract

为考察超滤膜对烟叶提取物中各类成分及感官品质的影响,设计了10 kDa、2 kDa、1 kDa、700 Da和300 Da五级超滤膜组合,研究了各级膜截留液的主要化学成分及含量(质量分数)的变化,并加入再造烟叶配方中进行感官评价。结果表明:①在2 kDa^300 Da,各级膜截留液富集的还原糖和总植物碱含量逐渐提高,300 Da膜截留液和滤液中的还原糖含量之和超过其他各级膜截留液总和的200%,且烟叶中70%以上的总植物碱都集中在这两部分。②蛋白质和多糖类物质主要富集在10 kDa膜截留液中,含量分别为原烟叶提取物的1.23%和4.03%。③烟叶中的特征性成分在700和300 Da两级膜上的富集特征不同;300 Da膜滤液富集的小分子化合物最多,若不计烟碱,则该部分的挥发性成分总量最高,若以原烟叶提取物计,则达到207.81μg/g。④10、2和1 kDa膜截留液对再造烟叶感官品质的负面影响较大;而700 Da以下膜截留液和滤液则对再造烟叶感官品质有明显的改善作用,原烟叶提取物的头香和体香特征突出。该研究结果可为烟用香料和高品质再造烟叶的开发及其化学成分的调控提供参考。

To investigate the effects of ultrafiltration membrane on components and sensory quality of tobacco extracts,membrane combinations of five levels(10 kDa,2 kDa,1 kDa,700 Da and 300 Da)were designed to study the variations in the main chemical components and their contents in the retentate at each membrane level.The retentates were add into reconstituted tobacco for sensory evaluation,and the results showed that:1)From 2 kDa to 300 Da,the contents of reducing sugar and total alkaloids in the retentates of membranes of five levels increased gradually,the sum of reducing sugar in the retentate and filtrate of 300 Da membrane was more than 200%of the sum of reducing sugar in the retentates of the other membranes,and more than 70%of the total alkaloids in tobacco concentrated in these two parts.2)The protein and polysaccharide enriched in the retentate of 10 kDa membrane,and the contents were 1.23%and 4.03%of the extract of original tobacco,respectively.3)The characteristic components in tobacco had different enrichment characteristics on 700 and 300 Da membranes.The number of small molecular compounds in filtrate of 300 Da membrane was the largest.The total content of volatile components in filtrate of 300 Da membrane was the highest excluding nicotine,and the total amount reached 207.81μg/g based on the extract of original tobacco.4)The retentates of 10,2 and 1 kDa membranes had more negative sensory effects in the reconstituted tobacco,while the retentates and filtrates of membranes below 700 Da promoted the sensory quality of reconstituted tobacco,and the top notes and body notes of the extract of original tobacco were prominent.The results of this study provide references for the development of tobacco flavors and quality reconstituted tobacco.