享乐主义与劳动创造主义之辨——基于《德意志意识形态》等经典文本的考察

The Discrimination between Hedonism and Labor-creationism:An Investigation Based on Classical Texts such as "The German Ideology"

在《德意志意识形态》等文本中,马克思对享乐主义作过专门批判。他认为,在生产力不发达情况下倡导享乐主义或者是一种特权思想的表达,或者是一种虚伪的道德说教;即便到了共产主义社会,把享乐抬高到人生至高无上地位的享乐主义也是不正确的。马克思还认为,对享乐主义的拒斥并不意味着对享乐、享受的否定,但这需要对享受作出科学的理解;不能把享受凌驾于劳动实践这一人的本质之上,而是要依托人的本质对享受作出合理的说明。与享乐主义相对,我们可以把马克思的观点称之为劳动创造主义。

Karl Marx made a special critique of hedonism in“the German Ideology”and other texts.He argues that,in the case of underdeveloped productivity,advocating hedonism is either a manifestation of privilege or hypocritical moral propaganda.Even in a communist society,hedonism,in the form of elevating pleasure to the utmost importance of life,is incorrect.Marx also believes that the rejection of hedonism does not mean the denial of pleasure and enjoyment,but a scientific understanding of enjoyment.One cannot put enjoyment above labor and practice,which is the nature of man,but should rely on human nature to make a reasonable description of enjoyment.In contrast to hedonism,we can call Marx's point of view as“laborcreationism”.