空间电推进技术应用现状与发展趋势

Application Status and Development Trend of Space Electric Propulsion Technology

电推进技术是近年来空间推进领域发展和应用最为活跃的专业技术。文章阐述了电推进在航天器上应用的优势与问题,电推进应用于航天器可带来节省推进剂、提高姿控精度、扩展深空探测距离等优势,同时需要关注带来的表面电位变化、荷能粒子影响、电磁干扰等问题。目前,电推进已经广泛应用于GEO及低轨卫星、深空探测器等航天器上,并且电推进正逐步向更大功率、超高比冲、更多模式、更低成本等方向发展。建议我国加大需求牵引,夯实基础理论,尽快开展多种电推进空间飞行,并不断培育新型电推进技术,占领未来电推进技术制高点。

Electric propulsion(EP)technology has been the most active direction in the development and application of space propulsion field in recent years.In this paper,the advantages and probably problems of the EP application in spacecrafts are stated.The advantages include saving propellants,improving attitude control precisian,extending deep space exploration,etc.,while the problems include surface potential change,the influence of energy charged particles,electromagnetic interference(EMI),etc.Today,the main types of EP have been widely used in the spacecrafts such as geosynchronous earth orbit(GEO)and low earth orbit(LEO)satellites and deep space detectors.Meanwhile,EP is gradually developing towards the direction of larger power,ultra-high specific impulse,multi-modes,lower cost,etc.In order to be ahead of the EP technology in the future,it is suggested that in China,demand traction should be increased,the basic theory should be consolidated,a variety of EP space flight should be carried out as soon as possible,and new EP technology should be constantly cultivated.