战术导弹中小型固体发动机技术的发展

Technology Development of Small and Medium-Sized Solid Rocket Motor for Tactical Missiles

通过对战术导弹中小型固体发动机具体发展需求的分析,明确了高能化、轻质化、可控化和低易损4个主要的中小型固体发动机发展方向。可以从提高推进剂黏合剂密度和燃烧室工作压强来实现高能化;采用轻质高性能金属壳体、纤维缠绕复合材料壳体以及提高绝热层性能以实现轻质化;可控化需要在高功率密度的驱动装置、高精度的控制算法等方面获得突破和支撑;低易损则可以从钝感推进剂、主动扩稳、防护材料等途径开展工作。通过对这4个技术方向上国内外研究现状和发展趋势进行梳理,明确提出未来研究需要突破推进剂和热防护原材料、新型装药工艺、可调燃气阀门、压力闭环控制和有效扩稳等关键技术,加速工程化进程,为我国战术导弹的跨越式发展提供支撑。

The specific development needs of small and medium-sized solid rocket motor(SRM)for tactical missiles are analyzed,and four main development directions for small and medium-sized SRM are identified,i.e.,high energy,light weight,controllability,and low vulnerability.High energy can be achieved by increasing the density of the propellant binder and the working pressure of the combustion chamber.Light weight can be achieved by using highperformance metal and filament wound composite shells and improving the performance of the thermal insulting layer.Controllability needs breakthroughs and support in high-power-density driving devices,high-precision control algorithms,etc.Low vulnerability can be carried out by means of insensitive propellant,active stabilization,protective material,etc.Finally,through the analyses of the research status and development trend at home and abroad in these four directions,it is pointed out that in order to provide support for the leap-forward development of tactical missiles in China,in the future research,the key technologies,e.g.,propellant and thermal protection material,new propellant loading process,adjustable gas valve,closed-loop pressure control,and effective stability expansion,need breakthroughs,and the engineering process needs to be accelerated.