超越“科层制”:党建何以促进超大社区的有效治理——基于上海Z镇的案例研究

Beyond the “Bureaucracy”: How Can Party Building Promote the Governance but of Large Communities? A Case Study of Z Town in Shanghai

从上海Z镇基层党建运作的"全过程"治理来看,随着社会环境的快速变迁,当前国家与社会关系也面临着深刻转型,单靠传统行政资源无法有效解决日趋复杂化、碎片化的基层治理问题,于是执政党开始尝试"去科层化"的调适性变革。文章指出,党作为一个行动主体,不再完全依托科层化结构而是以超越"科层化"运作机制实现党组织的"有效在场";党也作为"场结构",为基层社会中不同主体构建一个行动舞台,以"柔性化"方式重新吸纳新生社会空间的组织和个体进入基层治理场域,实现党在基层治理体系的"有效动员"与"有效服务",进而推动超大社区的"有效治理"。这表明,党的领导方式、党的建设方式在基层社会实现了科学化、在地化,逐渐走出了传统的机械"硬嵌"、机械"说教"模式,这是党组织与地方治理的科学结合,是国家治理现代化在基层社会的表现形式。

This paper is based on the perspective of "whole process governance", with a focus on the community Party building of Z town in Shanghai. With rapid changes in the market and society, the relationship between the state and society has undergone remarkable changes. If the country only relies on traditional administrative resources, it cannot effectively solve the increasingly complex and fragmented problems in grassroots society. Therefore, the CPC began to try to "de-bureaucratize" changes. As an action subject, the Party adopts the operation mechanism of de-bureaucratization rather than bureaucratization to realize the "effective presence" of the Party in grassroots society. As a "field structure", the Party also constructs an action stage for different subjects, which can re-absorb organizations and individuals of new social space into the field of grassroots governance in a "flexible" way. These new methods can achieve the "effective mobilization" and "effective service" of the Party at grassroots, and then promote the "effective governance" of large communities. The style of Party’s leadership and building has been achieved effectively and locally, and also has gradually gone out of the traditional mode of mechanical "hard-embedded" and "hard-teaching". Ultimately, this is not only an effective combination of Party organizations and local governance, but also a manifestation of modernization of state governance in grassroots society.