面向市场的国家能力与态度:经济繁荣的国家比较研究

State Capabilities and Attitudes towards the Market Economy: A Comparison of States and Economic Prosperity

文章旨在探讨现代经济繁荣的国家条件。现有研究主要从国家的经济政策、政治制度、内在属性、国家-社会关系维度,揭示国家与经济兴衰的关系。但它们局限于部分类型、特定发展阶段的国家比较,在方法论上存在"虚假因果""多因多果""遗漏变量"等问题,难以解释一国不同阶段的发展变化,也无法覆盖主要的国家发展类型。文章使用比较类型分析法,提出两个核心维度--面向市场的国家能力与态度,它们交叉形成的解释框架,既可以厘清三类国家经济发展的历史、现状--繁荣国家(英美两国、东亚两国)、中等繁荣国家(中国、拉美两国)、衰败国家(撒哈拉以南诸国、苏联),还能揭示各国经济发展的阶段特征与未来趋势。基于此,文章还进一步解释了现代国家-市场的复杂关系,并探讨了国家建构与经济繁荣的历史脉络与前景。

The article aims to explore the state conditions for a prosperous modern economy. The main perspectives of existing research focus on the economic policy, political system, intrinsic attributes, and state-society relations. However, there are problems such as "false cause and effect", "multi-inhibition" and "missing variables" in the methodology, so they are difficult to explain the different developments of a same country at different stages, and impossible to cover the main types of national economic development. Using the comparative type analysis method, the article proposes two core dimensions-the market-oriented state capability and attitude, intersects them to form a framework that can clarify the history and current status of the economic development of three types of states-prosperous states(the United Kingdom, the United States, some and East Asian countries), moderately prosperous states(China and Latin American countries), and declining states(sub-Saharan countries and the former Soviet Union)-and can also reveal the stages and future trends of economic development in various states. Based on this, the article further explains the complex relationship between modern states and markets, and explores the vein and prospects of state building and economic prosperity.