山西省梨主产区梨园土壤养分和叶片营养的调查研究

Nutrients of Soil and Leaf in Pear Orchards of Shanxi Province

了解山西省梨主产区梨园土壤和叶片营养状况,以期为梨园合理施肥提供科学依据。对山西省梨主产区59个梨园土壤养分状况和叶片营养成分进行测定,分析梨园叶片营养元素与土壤养分之间的相关性。结果表明,山西省调查的大多数梨园土壤pH值略高,有机质含量普遍低,有效磷、速效钾、有效锰含量相对适宜,有效铁含量较低;50%的梨园土壤全氮含量和有效铜含量偏低;少数梨园土壤有效锌含量较低。大多数梨园叶片氮、铁、锰元素较丰富,磷和铜元素相对适宜,钾和锌元素缺乏。梨园叶片中的氮、磷、钾、铁、锰、铜、锌与土壤中相对应的元素含量存在一定的正负相关性,但相关性都不显著。在山西省梨主产区应增施有机肥,并采用叶片诊断为主、土壤测定为辅的方法制定施肥方案。

The nutrients of soil and leaves in pear orchards in the major pear production regions of Shanxi were analyzed to provide scientific references for reasonable fertilization.The nutrients of soil and leaves of 59 pear orchards were determined,and the correlation between them was analyzed.The soil pH value was slightly higher than the standard values and the organic matter content was generally low in most pear orchards in Shanxi.The contents of soil available phosphorus,available potassium and available manganese were relatively appropriate and that of available iron was low in most pear orchards.The total nitrogen content and available copper content in soil below the standard values were at a rate of 50%.Soil available zinc content was relatively low in some pear orchards.The leaves of most pear orchards were rich in nitrogen,iron and manganese,had suitable content of phosphorus and copper,and were deficient in potassium and zinc.There were positive and negative correlations between the contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,iron,manganese,copper and zinc in leaves and the corresponding elements in soil of pear orchards,but the correlations were not significant.The application of organic fertilizer should be increased in the main pear producing areas,and formulated fertilization should be based on leaf nutrients’diagnosis and supplemented by soil nutrients’determination.