列夫·托尔斯泰女性塑造中的“圣母—妓女”情结

The Madonna-Whore Complex of Lev Tolstoy in His Depiction of Female Characters

列夫·托尔斯泰笔下的理想女性具有一种“圣母—妓女”情结,《战争与和平》中的娜塔莎·罗斯托娃、《安娜·卡列尼娜》中的安娜·卡列尼娜、《复活》中的马斯洛娃等,无不具有此特性。她们均具有既坚守纯洁又渴望堕落的双重心理,而那些要么只是纯洁、要么只是堕落的女性,以及那些既不纯洁、也不堕落的中庸女性等,都不是托尔斯泰所喜悦的。她们面临着要么结局悲惨、要么性格得到被改造的命运。由于托尔斯泰创作道路十分漫长,他笔下理想女性这种相互对立的矛盾情结其比重也是会发生变化的,并影响着作者创作观念和女性观念的变化。

All the ideal women in Russian writer Lev Tolstoy’s writings such as Natasha in War and Peace,Anna in Anna Karenina and Maslow Va in Resurrection have a complex of madonna-whore.They are longing for physical purity and inclined to be sexually fallen.Tolstoy showed no interest in the depiction of female characters who were either just pure or just fallen and those who are neither pure nor fallen women.They are faced with a tragic end of their life and submission to the imposed transformation of their characters.Because of the long span of Tolstoy’s writing,there are some differences in the complex of opposed inclinations of his ideal females and the changes in the focus of his writing have also influenced his concepts on writing and women.