页岩气水平井压裂安全环保问题及对策

Safety and Environmental Protection of Shale Gas Horizontal Well Fracturing and the Countermeasures

近年来,中国页岩气发展迅猛,先后建成了一批国家级页岩气示范区,页岩气年产量已突破100亿m3,在一定程度上缓解了天然气供需紧张的局面。然而,大规模的页岩气开发给安全和环保带来了巨大的压力和挑战,诸如在设备搬迁、分段射孔与水力压裂、水资源消耗、地层水污染、噪音、放射性物质污染等方面均给自然环境、人员健康、公众生存权益造成了一系列的影响。中国石油、中国石化两大石油公司参照试气行业相关规范与标准,结合页岩气开发实际情况,通过优化井场选址、压裂返排液处理技术攻关及配置装备的应用、压裂液重复循环利用、配套压裂技术的探索和攻关等措施来减轻页岩气开发生产过程中的安全环保压力,使得页岩气真正成为一种清洁环保的能源,推动经济的发展。

In recent years, China’s shale gas industry has developed rapidly. A number of national-level shale gas demonstration zones have been built successively. The annual output of shale gas has exceeded 10 billion cubic meters. The situation of tight supply and demand of natural gas has been alleviated to some extent. However, largescale shale gas development has brought great pressure and challenges to safety and environmental protection, such as relocation of equipment, piecewise perforation and hydraulic fracturing, water consumption, formation water pollution, noise, radioactive material pollution and so on. These have affected the natural environment, people’s health, public survival rights and interests. Two major oil companies of China, PetroChina and Sinopec, refer to the relevant standards of oil testing industry as reference and combine them with the actual situation of shale gas development. They reduce the safety and environmental protection pressure during shale gas development and production through taking such measures as optimizing well site selection, tackling key problems of fracturing fluid flow back treatment technology and application of relevant equipment, reusing fracturing fluid, exploring and researching matching fracturing technology. This can make shale gas truly become clean and environmental-friendly energy to promote economic development.