不同亚型ADHD儿童的智力结构研究

Study on the intelligence structure of children with different subtypes of ADHD

目的研究不同亚型注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的智力水平及结构特点,为注意缺陷多动障碍的治疗提供参考。方法选取2015年1月至2017年12月重庆市妇幼保健院儿童保健门诊初诊的多动症患儿170例为研究对象,其中注意缺陷型(ADHD-I)85例、多动冲动型(ADHD-HI)33例、混合型(ADHD-C)52例,完成韦氏儿童智力测验(C-WISC),对3组的智力结构言语智商(VIQ)、操作智商(PIQ)、总智商(FIQ)及各智力因子进行比较。结果ADHD-HI型VIQ(92.73±11.64)高于ADHD-C型(83.23±15.92)、ADHD-I型(79.00±16.25),ADHD-HI型PIQ(102.64±13.75)高于ADHD-C型(92.50±17.45)、ADHD-I型(89.95±17.31),ADHD-HI型FIQ(96.82±13.74)高于ADHD-C型(85.02±17.03)、ADHD-I型(81.07±17.72),比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同亚型多动症在常识、类同、算术、填图、拼图、译码这6项智力因子的表现上差异有统计学意义。结论不同亚型ADHD儿童的智力水平及结构存在差异,可将不同亚型多动症分化成不同类型的疾病,为制定治疗策略提供参考。

Objective To study the intelligence level and intelligence structure characteristics of children with different subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),and to provide reference for the treatment of ADHD.Methods 170 children with ADHD who were first diagnosed in the child health clinic of Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were selected as the study subjects.Children with ADHD-I(n=85),ADHD-HI(n=33)and ADHD-C(n=52)were tested with Chinese Revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(C-WISC),VIQ,PIQ,FIQ and intelligence factors of the three groups were compared.Results VIQ of ADHD-HI(92.73±11.64)was higher than that of ADHD-C(83.23±15.92)and ADHD-I(79.00±16.25),PIQ of ADHD-HI(102.64±13.75)were higher than that of ADHD-C(92.50±17.45)and ADHD-I(89.95±17.31),FIQ of ADHD-HI(96.82±13.74)were higher than that of ADHD-C(85.02±17.03)and ADHD-I(81.07±17.72).The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Different subtypes of ADHD have significant differences in the performance of common sense,similarity,arithmetic,mapping,jigsaw puzzle and decoding.Conclusion Children with different subtypes of ADHD have different intelligence levels and structures,which can differentiate different subtypes of ADHD into different types of diseases,providing reference for the development of treatment strategies.