基于UDEM的城市三维形态研究——以济南市中心城区为例

Research on Urban Three-dimensional Morphology Based on UDEM ——Taking the Downtown Area of Jinan as An Example

城市建筑是影响城市形态的重要因素,主导城市空间三维的时空演变。将UDEM(Urban Digital Elevation Model)与GIS分析方法结合,可以量化城市三维形态结构。本研究基于济南市中心城区5 m分辨率DEM、2018年城市建筑轮廓矢量数据和济南市2011~2020年城市规划资料,提取城市三维建筑指标、进行趋势分析与空间自相关分析,完成研究区建筑三维形态现状空间分布的分析。研究结果表明:①研究区建筑三维形态受交通路网与地形地貌影响明显,城市建筑群体态有明显的地域倾向性,具有南高北低、东高西低的表征;②三维趋势图表明,东部建筑群聚集程度、空间利用率与发散趋势高于西部;③城市建筑指标呈现高度自相关,其中最大高度、平均高度、起伏度、占空度自相关系数分别为0.310 02、0.308 19、0.336 218、0.483 125。根据局部自相关LISA图,交通影响城市建筑空间结构复杂度,表现为高低异常区域多集中于济南市火车站、汽车站以及腊山立交桥等交通枢纽附近。

Urban architecture is an important factor affecting the shape of the city,and it dominates the three-dimensional spatial and temporal evolution of urban space.Combining UDEM (Urban Digital Elevation Model) with GIS analysis methods can quantify the three-dimensional morphological structure of the city.This study is based on the 5 m resolution DEM in the downtown area of Jinan,and the urban building outline vector data of 2018 and the urban planning data of Jinan city from 2011 to 2020,quantify urban three-dimensional indicators,and conduct trend analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis,then complete the analysis of the spatial distribution of the three-dimensional shape of buildings in the study area.The results show that:① The three-dimensional shape of the buildings in the study area is mainly affected by the traffic road network and the topography.The urban building group is affected by the fine topography and has the characteristics of high south and low north and high east and west low;② The three-dimensional trend map shows that the degree of aggregation,space utilization and divergence of the eastern building complex is higher than that of the west;③ The urban building indicators are highly autocorrelated,and the maximum correlation coefficient of maximum height,average height,undulation and duty cycle are 0.310 02,0.308 19,0.336 218,and 0.483 125,respectively.According to the local autocorrelation LISA map,traffic affects the complexity of urban building spatial structure,and the anomalous areas are concentrated in the vicinity of Jinan railway station,bus station and Lashan overpass.