广州市道路密度空间分异及对城市形态影响分析

Analysis of Road Density Spatial Heterogeneity and Its Influences for Urban Form of Guangzhou

城市形态是城市在交通发展推动下各要素在交通网络上的空间安排的结果,与城市街区的交通基础设施建设水平密切相关。而道路网络设施密度是反映区域交通、经济和商业等要素活跃程度的主要指标,是城市内部形态特征的重要表现。以广州市为例,以1 km×1 km的规则网格为研究单元,应用克里金(Kriging)空间插值和空间自相关分析模型,探讨广州市道路加权密度的空间格局,并剖析对城市形态的空间差异分布模式的影响。结果表明:①广州市道路加权密度空间格局具有明显的中心城区密集特征和随距离逐渐离散的规律;②交通、经济和商业等城市功能聚集呈现出正相关关系;③广州城市形态空间差异分布模式表现出中心城区均衡,全域差异显著的特征;④道路加权密度高值聚集区呈现出"十"字结构,并以越秀区为中心向四周延伸,高值和低值的地域单元之间的空间差异程度大。最后,在与城市空间形态规划的关系讨论中发现,道路加权密度分布格局反映了广州市2010年的城市形态规划控制的实现,但2013年的新城市功能区规划中,北部功能区不仅需要加强内部的交通基础设施建设,还需强化道路网络向外与中部地区的连接,以支持新功能区发展。

Urban form is the spatial movement driven from the transportation development,and is closely related to the level of regional transportation infrastructure construction.The density of road network facilities is a key indicator of the degree of urban function activity,such as traffic,economy and commerce,but also an important parameter to characterize transportation network.Therefore,this paper takes Guangzhou as a study area,and takes the rule grid of 1 km×1 km as the research unit,and is based on the Kinging spatial interpolation and spatial autocorrelation analysis model to explore the spatial distribution pattern of the road network density in Guangzhou.Furthermore,an analysis of the spatial differentiation of urban form in Guangzhou based on the perspectives of urban road network density analysis is conducted.The results show that:① The spatial pattern of urban road weighted density in Guangzhou has obvious central urban dense characteristics and gradual dispersion with distance;② There is a positive correlation between city function aggregation,such as transportation,economy and commerce in Guangzhou urban spatial form;③ The urban spatial differences distribution in Guangzhou shows that the central urban area is equilibrium and the regional differences are significant;④ The high-value area of urban function activity shows a "十" structure with the center of Yuexiu District to the surrounding extension,moreover,the spatial differences between the high and low values of the geographical units are large.Last,in the discussion of the urban spatial form planning and control,it is found that the distribution pattern of the road density in Guangzhou reflects the realization of urban spatial form planning control in Guangzhou in 2010.However,in the planning of the new urban function zones of Guangzhou in 2013,the northern functional areas not only need to be strengthened with the internal transportation infrastructure construction,but also need to be intensified to connect with the central regions to promote and support themselves’ development of the new functional areas.