贮藏期马铃薯干腐病防治药剂筛选及其安全性评价

Screening and Safety Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Potato Dry Rot During Storage

干腐病是马铃薯贮藏期重要病害,不仅危害马铃薯种薯的种性,还降低马铃薯商品薯的品质,严重影响其加工和食用价值。以3个主栽品种(‘克新1号’、‘费乌瑞它’和‘大西洋’)为试验材料,于贮藏期接种马铃薯干腐病菌,测定戊唑醇、咯菌腈和噻菌灵3种杀菌剂在3种施用浓度下对干腐病的防治效果,对筛选出的有效药剂进一步测定其在‘费乌瑞它’块茎上的残留量和发芽情况,评价其安全性。结果表明,块茎喷施112 mL/t戊唑醇能够有效控制贮藏期马铃薯干腐病的发生,且10℃下贮藏4个月后在薯皮和薯肉的残留量分别为5.40和0.10 mg/kg,符合国家标准《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量(GB 2763-2016)》的相关要求,达到窖藏食品安全;用该浓度处理薯块后10℃下贮藏5个月薯块发芽率为74%。

Potato dry rot is a serious disease during storage,which not only decreases the qualities of seed and marketable potato,but also seriously affects its processing and edible qualities.The control efficacy of Tebuconazole,Fludioxonil and Thiabendazole against Fusarium sambucinum were determined by inoculating potato with three different concentrations of these three fungicides on three potato varieties(’Kexin 1’,’Favorita’and’Atlantic’).And then,the residue of the effective fungicide identified on tuber and its sprout rate of’Favorita’were measured to evaluate its safety.Spraying Tebuconazole on potato tuber at 112 mL/t effectively controlled potato dry rot during storage.The residue of Tebuconazole on tuber skin and flesh four months after storage at 10℃was 5.40 and 0.10 mg/kg,respectively,which is conformed to the national standard(GB 2763-2016).The sprout ratio was 74%when potato tuber was sprayed with this recommended concentration and stored for five months at 10℃.