基于鸟嘌呤-四链体的钾离子传感器

Guanine-quadruplex-based Potassium Ion Sensors

钾离子(K^+)是细胞内含量最丰富的金属离子。对人类而言,K^+浓度异常可能是几种疾病的预兆,包括肾病、心脏病、糖尿病、艾滋病和癌症等。面对体内复杂的生理环境,如何高灵敏性和高选择性地实时监测K^+浓度变化仍是一个世界难题。K^+与鸟嘌呤-四链体(G-quartet)有非常强的亲和力,富含鸟嘌呤的DNA或适配体,在K^+存在下会由单链无规卷曲构型向G-quartet折叠构型转变,基于此原理使用不同检测方法设计了许多K^+传感器,包括荧光分析法、比色分析法、化学发光(CL)分析法,电化学分析法和电化学发光(ECL)分析法。在这篇综述中,我们将全面介绍和讨论基于G-quartet设计传感K^+的方法。

Potassium ions(K^+)are the most abundant metal ions in cells.For humans,abnormal K^+concentration may be a sign of several diseases,including kidney disease,heart disease,diabetes,AIDS and cancer.Facing the complex physiological environment in vivo,how to detect K^+concentration changes in real time with high sensitivity and high selectivity is still a world problem.K^+has a very strong affinity with guanine-quadruplex(G-quartet).In the presence of K^+,G-rich DNA(aptamer)could cause a single-stranded random coil configuration to a G-quartet folded configuration transformation.Based on this principle,many K^+sensors were designed using different detection methods,including fluorescence analysis,colorimetric analysis,chemiluminescence(CL)analysis,electrochemical analysis and electrochemiluminescence(ECL)analysis.In this review,we will comprehensively introduce and discuss the method of designing K^+sensors based on G-quartet.