福建省就业结构与产业结构的协同变迁与偏离分析

Analysis on the Synergistic Changes and Deviations of Fujian’s Employment Structure and Industrial Structure

供给侧改革在推动着福建产业结构优化升级的同时,也使当地就业结构发展出现了新的矛盾和问题。对福建省就业结构与产业结构演变的内在矛盾分析发现,福建省三大产业的产业结构与就业结构存在不同程度的滞后性,表现为第一产业>第二产业>第三产业。其中,第一产业结构偏离系数为负,且绝对值越来越大,劳动力不断流出,对第二、第三产业部门的就业造成巨大压力;第二产业的结构偏离程度逐渐均衡,但是弱于第三产业,还有巨大的吸纳劳动力的潜力;第三产业的产业结构与就业结构最协调,为吸纳第一产业剩余劳动力、解决就业问题作出巨大贡献。未来应以创新发展战略指引劳动力就业结构的优化调整,消除劳动力行业转移的制度性障碍,提升教育对经济的服务能力。

While the supply-side reform promotes the optimization and upgrading of Fujian’s industrial structure,it also brings about new contradictions and problems in the development of the local employment structure.An analysis of the internal contradictions between the employment structure and the evolution of the industrial structure in Fujian province shows that the industrial structure and the employment structure of the three major industries in Fujian province are lagging behind to varying degrees,which is shown as the first industry>the second industry>the third industry.Among them,the deviation coefficient of the primary industry structure is negative,and its absolute value is getting larger and larger,and the labor force is continuously flowing out,which causes great pressure on the employment of the secondary and tertiary industries.The structural deviation degree of the secondary industry is gradually balanced,but weaker than that of the tertiary industry,and there is great potential to absorb labor force.The industrial structure of the tertiary industry is most coordinated with the employment structure,making great contributions to absorbing surplus labor in the primary industry and solving the employment problem.In the future,innovative development strategies should be adopted to guide the optimization and adjustment of the employment structure of the labor force,eliminate the institutional obstacles to the transfer of the labor force industry,and enhance the service capability of education to the economy.