蚯蚓生态功能研究进展

Research Process in the Ecological Functions of Earthworms

蚯蚓因其在土壤中的掘穴、取食、消化、排泄等活动可以影响土壤生态系统的物理、化学和生物性质而被称为"生态系统的工程师",作为一种大型土壤动物,它对土壤性质的影响近年来得到了较多关注。文章分别从蚯蚓对土壤的物理、化学、生物三方面影响并结合近年来对于蚯蚓生态功能方面的研究实例来介绍其生态功能:①蚯蚓的活动对团聚体的形成有一定的促进作用,对土壤孔性、土壤结构有一定的影响。②蚯蚓在土壤中的掘穴等活动对于土壤中K、P等养分的含量和有机物质的循环有一定的影响。③蚯蚓在生态系统中的活动及其活动产生的附属物(蚓粪)对土壤酶、微生物数量和生物量以及微生物群落结构产生的影响。综述了近年来对于蚯蚓生态功能的研究进展,为进一步研究提供依据。

Earthworms are known as"ecosystem engineers"for their activities in soil such as burrowing,feeding,digestion and excretion,which can affect the physical,chemical and biological properties of soil ecosystem.As a large soil animal,its influence on soil properties has attracted more attention in recent years.In this paper,the effects of earthworms on the physical,chemical and biological aspects of soil and the research examples on the ecological functions of earthworms in recent years were combined to introduce the ecological functions of earthworms:①the activities of earthworms promote the formation of aggregates and have certain effects on soil porosity and soil structure.②earthworm burrowing and other activities in soil have a certain impact on the content of K,P and other nutrients in soil and the circulation of organic matter.③effects of earthworm activities in the ecosystem and their appendants(earthworm casts)on soil enzymes,microbial quantity and biomass,and microbial community structure.This paper summarizes the research progress of earthworm ecological function in recent years,and provides the basis for further research.