四川省岷山和邛崃山发现红耳鼠兔分布

A New Distribution of Ochotona erythrotis Found in the Qionglai and Minshan Mountains,Sichuan Province

红耳鼠兔(Ochotona erythrotis)是中国特有种,分布范围很狭窄,原记录仅分布于青海和甘肃,在四川仅记录于巴塘。该种分布区主要局限于以青海湖为中心的高原盆地及黄河上游的干流及支流两岸、河西走廊南部祁连山山地的红色土岩、土林、石壁、灌丛中。分布区域光照充足,全年无夏,降雨集中,湿度较小,蒸发强烈。2018年,在四川省王朗自然保护区再次采集到红耳鼠兔标本,并通过红外相机,在四川西部岷山、邛崃山海拔3850 m以上的区域发现了红耳鼠兔几个种群,其栖息地气候特点和传统纪录区域迥异且相互隔离,但遗传距离和传统区域红耳鼠兔很小,有99.9%的相似性,其自然历史值得深入研究。

Ochotona erythrotis is endemic species in China,which is distributed in a very narrow region,including part of Qinghai and Gansu provinces.In Sichuan,It was only recorded in Batang county,west Sichuan.The core region of this species was reddish land rock,soil forest,cliff and shrub around Qinghai Lake,main streams and tributaries of the upper Yellow River and the Qilian Mountains of southern Hexi Corridor.In the distributing area of O.erythrotis,there were abundance of sunshine,no summer in whole year,concentrated rainfall,small humidity,strong evaporation.In 2018,O.erythrotis samples were collected in Wanglang Nature Reserve,and some pictures were obtained by infrared camera monitoring on the Minshan and Qionglai mountains with the elevation higher than 3850 m.Those new distributing areas were largely different from traditional distributing areas in climate.But the new population had very closed relationship with the traditional population.