荣昌无刺花椒与九叶青花椒主要品质特征比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Zanthoxylum Qualities Between ‘Rongchang Thornless’ and ‘Jiuyeqing’ Varieties

为了解荣昌无刺花椒主要品质特征,从重庆市荣昌区广顺花椒种植基地分别采摘了荣昌无刺花椒和九叶青花椒的青鲜果和熟鲜果测定其挥发性组分。其中荣昌无刺花椒青鲜果中测定出挥发性组分43种,熟青果中测定出挥发性组分48种。九叶青花椒青鲜果中测定出挥发性组分30种,熟青果中测定出挥发性组分44种。其含量最高的前5种挥发性组分相同,为D-柠檬烯(苎烯)、香桧烯、芳樟醇、月桂烯、β-水芹烯。荣昌无刺花椒青鲜果和熟鲜果的精油含量分别为1.37 mL·100 g^-1、2.10 mL·100 g^-1,九叶青青鲜果和熟鲜果精油含量为1.8 mL·100 g^-1、2.67 mL·100 g^-1,该含量均高于国家一级花椒精油含量0.9 mL·100 g^-1的标准。荣昌无刺花椒青鲜果和熟鲜果灰分含量分别为1.90%、2.15%,九叶青青鲜果和熟鲜果灰分含量分别为2.56%、2.90%,也达到国标小于3.0%的一级标准。

In order to understand the main qualities of‘Rongchang Thornless’,the new variety of Zanthoxylum,the volatile substances were studied for fresh green fruits and mature fruits from Zanthoxylum planting base in Rongchang.The results showed that there were 43 and 48 kinds of volatile substances,respectively in green fruits and mature fruits of‘Rongchang Thornless’.The number of volatile substances was 30 and 44 respectively in green fruits and mature fruits of‘Jiuyeqing’.The top 5 volatile substances of high content were D-limonene,sabinene,linalool,myrcene andβ-phellandrene.The content of volatile oil was as high as 1.37 mL·100 g^-1 and 2.10 mL·100 g^-1 in green and mature fruits of‘Rongchang Thornless’,however,the number was 1.8 mL·100 g^-1 and 2.67 mL·100 g^-1 in‘Jiuyeqing’,which were all better than the national standard of 0.9 mL·100 g^-1.The ash content was 1.90%and 2.15%in green fruits and mature fruits of‘Rongchang Thornless’2.56%and 2.90%in‘Jiuyeqing’which were all under 3%,better than the first grade standard of national standard.