江苏国家城市湿地公园功能布局适宜性评价

Suitability evaluation of functional layout of National Urban Wetland Park in Jiangsu Province

【目的】针对国家城市湿地公园存在的注重生态保护功能、忽视功能布局形式以及功能性体现不足的现象,探寻有助于完善城市湿地公园理论体系及解决城市湿地公园建设实际问题的有效方法。【方法】选取5个分布在苏南水网地区,区位优势明显的长广溪、沙家浜、固城湖、昆山、绿水湾国家城市湿地公园,借助风景园林学和社会学调查方法,通过问卷访谈法和数理统计法,考察各城市湿地公园功能布局的现状,结合用户满意度,选取反映城市湿地公园功能布局适宜性的相关指标,并建立相应的评价指标体系,评价江苏国家城市湿地公园功能布局的适宜性。【结果】专业评价指标包括整体功能布局完整性和适宜性,以及分区功能布局完整性;用户满意度指标包括生态环境、科普展示、游览活动和管理服务满意度几个方面。综合评价认为:江苏国家城市湿地公园中,沙家浜城市湿地公园功能布局为适宜,固城湖城市湿地公园功能布局不适宜,其他为一般适宜。【结论】现阶段江苏国家城市湿地公园功能布局存在的主要问题是缺乏生态保护区和生态缓冲区的建设,以及生态保护功能与游览活动功能关系不合理。因此,在进行城市湿地公园规划和建设时,不能只关注公园的社会经济效益,还应在重视湿地生态环境优化的同时更重视生态效益,从游客需求角度出发,完善公园内的相关配套服务设施,以提高游客的游览体验。同时,结合公园的规划设计定位,统筹考虑并综合规划,制定符合当地实际情况的规划设计方案,使城市湿地公园内的各功能区之间协调发展。

【Objective】 In view of the phenomenon of ecological protection function, neglect of functional layout and insufficiency of function in the National Urban Wetland Park, it is helpful to improve the theoretical system of Urban Wetland Park and solve the practical problems of urban wetland park construction.【Method】Five national urban wetland parks in southern Jiangsu(Changguangxi, Shajiabang, Gucheng Lake, Kunshan and Lushuiwan) were selected with the help of landscape architecture and sociological investigation methods, through questionnaires, interviews, and mathematical statistics, and both relevant indicators and evaluation index systems were established to assess the suitability of the functional layout of urban wetland parks. 【Result】 The selected professional evaluation indicators included the integrity and suitability of the overall functional layout and the integrity of the regional functional layout, whereas the selected user satisfaction indicators included ecological environment, popular science exhibition, tourism activities, and management service satisfaction. Comprehensive evaluation indicated that the functional layout of Shajiabang Urban Wetland Park was suitable, whereas that of Gucheng Lake Urban Wetland Park was not suitable, and that of the other three parks was generally suitable. 【Conclusion】 The main problems with the functional layout of Jiangsu National Urban Wetland Park were the lack of ecological protection areas and ecological buffer zones and the unreasonable relationship between ecological protection functions and tourist activities. Therefore, the future planning and construction of urban wetland parks should consider both the social and economic benefits of parks, as well as the ecological benefits of wetland ecological environment optimization. In addition, from the perspective of tourists’ needs and experiences, future planning and construction should also aim to improve relevant supporting service facilities. At the same time, combined with the planning and design of the park, the planning and design of the urban wetland park should be integrated and integrated.