葱、芥菜和小麦轮作对老龄苹果园土壤环境的影响

Effects of Allium fistulosum, Brassica juncea and Triticum aestivum Rotation on Soil Environment of Old Apple Orchard

在山东省烟台市大沙岭、凤毛寨和湾头村等的25年生老苹果园中,在1年内进行葱、芥菜和小麦轮作,然后收集每个果园连作土壤和轮作后的土壤,并以溴甲烷熏蒸处理的连作土壤为高标对照,在盆栽试验条件下研究各处理土壤对平邑甜茶(苹果砧木)幼苗生长和土壤环境的影响。结果表明:与连作土壤相比,在3种植物轮作以后的土壤中,平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量显著提高,且地下部干、鲜质量可提高1~2倍;根系呼吸速率增长均超过1倍;同时,3个果园的轮作土壤中细菌数量分别增加148.47%、198.57%和165.44%,真菌降低45%左右,使得细菌/真菌比值提高了4倍;土壤酶活性提高,酚酸类物质含量大幅降低,根皮苷含量分别降低86.67%、46.12%和86.31%;此外,尖孢镰孢菌的拷贝数分别降低76.34%、49.22%和70.89%。

The experimental base was arranged in 25-year-old orchards of Dashaling,Fengmaozhai and Wantou Villages of Yantai City,Shandong Province.Allium fistulosum,Brassica juncea and Triticum aestivum was rotated in a year.Then the continuous planting soil and the soil after rotation in each region were transported back to pot experiment.The effects of different soil treatments on seedling growth and soil environment of Malus hupehensis Rehd.(apple rootstock)were studied under pot experiment conditions,and the alternately continuous planting soil treated with methyl bromide fumigation was used as a high standard control.The results showed that after alternately continuous planting of three kinds of plants,the biomass of Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings increased significantly,and the fresh and dry weight of the lower part crop was increased by 1–2 times;the respiration rate of the root system was increased by more than 1 time and the bacteria was increased by 148.47%,198.57%and 165.44%in three apple orchards respectively.The fungi was reduced by 45%,which increased the bacterial/fungus ratio by a factor of 4;in addition,the soil of the seedlings enzyme activity increased;phenolic acids decreased to varying degrees,with the greatest reduction in phlorizin,which decreased by 86.67%,46.12%,and 86.31%,respectively.In addition,the copy number of F.oxysporum was also reduced by 76.34%,49.22%,and 70.89%respectively.