基于水下文物控制实验的海洋地球物理声学研究进展

Control Experiments for Underwater Cultural Relics Survey by Marine Geophysical of Acoustics

海洋地球物理声学方法是进行高分辨率、大范围水下考古调查与研究的利器。由于海洋环境与水下文物的保存状态、埋藏状况之间存在着复杂的耦合关系,导致仅根据地球物理声学探测数据推断水下文物是否存在以及分布情况具有较大的不确定性。近30年来基于水下文物声学探测方法的可控实验研究表明,不同侧扫声呐系统对出露于海底的水下文物遗址探测有不同的声学响应,而多波束声呐技术可用于水下文物遗址的时移变化研究,浅地层剖面探测对部分或全部嵌入海底沉积物中的遗址探测效果更为明显。水下文物的控制实验研究能提升对不同水下文物声学特征响应的认识,可以为探测成果与解译精度之间的关联研究提供借鉴,并有望为高效、大范围的水下文物探测与资源调查提供系统解决方案,从而更好地服务于水下文物保护与管理。

Marine geophysical acoustic methods are a powerful tool for high-precision, large-scale underwater archaeological relics investigations and research in the shallow water. There is a complex coupling relationship between the marine environment and the preservation of underwater cultural relics,which leads to great uncertainty based on the detection data to deduce the existence and distribution of underwater cultural relics. In the past 30 years,the controllable experiments of acoustic methods for underwater cultural relics show that different side-scan sonar systems have varied acoustic response. Multi-beam sonar can be used to study the temporal variation of underwater cultural relics,while shipwreck partially or totally embedded in seabed sediments can be detected by sub-bottom profile. The control experiment will increase the understanding of the acoustic response for different underwater cultural types. Control experiment on the underwater cultural relics can provide a reference for the correlation between detection results and interpretation accuracy,and hopefully provide a systematic solution for underwater cultural survey in an efficient way and on a wide-scale,thus better protecting and managing underwater cultural relics.