2011—2017年酒泉市儿童免疫规划疫苗接种率调查

Investigation on vaccination rate of EPI in Jiuquan form 2011 to 2017

目的调查2011-2017年甘肃省酒泉市出生儿童的疫苗接种情况,分析促进接种率提高的主要原因,针对实施免疫规划工作过程中发现的问题提出建议。方法采用组群抽样方法选取酒泉市4个县(市)642名适龄儿童调查疫苗接种率,采集并分析相关信息。结果642名儿童建证率100.00%、建卡率99.38%,卡证一致率89.41%、卡疤阳性率98.91%,接种率"百白破"疫苗第四剂98.47%、A群流脑疫苗第二剂98.99%、乙脑疫苗两剂次分别为98.70%和98.75%、甲肝疫苗97.74%,除这5剂次外,其余疫苗接种率均达99.00%以上,乙肝疫苗首针及时率94.24%;脊髓灰质炎疫苗(χ^2=20.811)、A+C群流脑疫苗(χ^2=7.198)、"百白破"联合疫苗(χ^2=19.524)、乙脑疫苗基础免疫和加强免疫(χ^2=11.106)合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在落实国家扩大免疫规划后,酒泉市疫苗接种率达到国家标准,但仍存在疫苗不合格接种的问题;应进一步加强预防接种人员的培训和督导,多途径宣传预防接种知识,确保疫苗的高合格接种率。

Objective To investigate actual vaccination situation of the children born in Jiuquan city from 2011 to 2017,analyze the main reasons for affecting promotion of the vaccination rate and put forward suggestions aiming at the problems in the implementation of vaccination.Methods Probability proportional to size(PPS)was taken to select 642 children at appropriate age in 4 counties(cities)in Jiuquan city for investigation on vaccination rate,and relevant information was collected and analyzed.Results Out of the investigated 642 children,the rate was 100.00%of certificate establishment and99.38%of card establishment,89.41%of the concordance between the card and certificate,and 98.91%of BCG scar positive.The vaccination rate was 98.47%of the fourth dose of DTP,98.99%of the second dose of MPV-A,two doses of JEI(98.70%and 98.75%),and 97.74%of HepA-I.In addition,the vaccination rate of the rest vaccine was more than 99.00%.The prompt rate of the first injection of HepB was 94.24%.There was statistical difference(P<0.05)in the qualified rate of basic immunization and booster among IPV(χ^2=20.811),MPV-AC(χ^2=7.198),DTP(χ^2=19.524),JE-I(χ^2=11.106).Conclusions After the implementation of national EPI,the vaccination rate in Jiuquan city reaches the national standard,and there are still unqualified vaccination.Training and supervision should be further strengthened in the vaccination personnel.Knowledge about vaccination should be publicized by many ways to ensure a high level of qualified vaccination.