2018年甘南藏族自治州碘缺乏病监测分析

Analysis of surveillance of IDD in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in 2018

目的了解2018年甘南藏族自治州(简称甘南州)碘缺乏病病情和防治措施落实情况、评价防治效果,为进一步完善消除碘缺乏病防治策略提供依据。方法按照《甘肃省碘缺乏病监测方案》要求,在甘南州八县(市)采集学生和孕妇家庭盐样检测盐碘含量,采用整群抽样法在8个县(市)以B超检查8~10岁学生甲状腺容积,计算甲状腺肿大率;采集8~10岁学生和孕妇尿样检测尿碘;在8个县(市)采集生活饮用水水样检测水碘。结果学生家庭碘盐中位数为25.10 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为99.81%,合格碘盐食用率为92.38%;孕妇家庭碘盐中位数为24.53 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为100.00%,合格碘盐食用率为90.63%;8~10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率为0.31%,8~10岁儿童和孕妇尿碘中位数分别为145.37μg/L和175.64μg/L;水碘中位数1.10μg/L,水碘范围0.20~15.90μg/L。结论学生和孕妇的碘营养水平处于适宜状态,全州合格碘盐食用率降至碘缺乏病消除标准的临界值;政府应加强盐业监管,以消除碘缺乏病防治风险。

Objective To understand the status of IDD and the implementation of preventive measures in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture(brief in Gannan prefecture)in 2018,and evaluate the effect of prevention and control,so as to provide basis for further perfecting the prevention and control strategy of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders.Methods According to the requirement of Gansu Iodine Deficiency Disease Surveillance Program,salt samples were collected from families of students and pregnant women for salt iodine content detection among 8 counties(cities)in Gannan prefecture.Cluster sampling was taken to measure thyroid volume of the students aged 8-10 years by B-ultrasound scanner and calculating goiter rate.The urine samples of the students and pregnant women were collected for urine iodine detection.Drinking water samples were collected for water iodine detection.Results The median of iodized salt was 25.10 mg/kg from the student's families,with the coverage rate of iodized salt of 99.81%and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt of 92.38%,24.53 mg/kg from the pregnant women's families,with the coverage rate of iodized salt of 100.00%and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt of 90.63%.The goiter rate was 0.31%in the children aged 8-10 years.The median of urinary iodine was 145.37μg/L and 175.64μg/L in the children and pregnant women,respectively.The median of water iodine was 1.10μg/L,with the range from 0.20 to 15.90μg/L.Conclusions The iodine nutrition level of the students and pregnant women is appropriate in Gannan prefecture in 2018,but the edible rate of qualified iodine salt reduces to the critical value of the elimination standard of IDD in the whole prefecture.The government should reinforce the supervision of salt for eliminating the risk of IDD prevention and control.