破伤风诊治的关键环节

Key parts of diagnosis and treatment of tetanus

破伤风是一种由破伤风杆菌引起的严重厌氧性感染。这种细菌在环境中广泛存在,主要存在于土壤或人和其他动物的胃肠道中。20世纪以来,由于破伤风类毒素疫苗的应用破伤风的发病率在世界范围内显著下降.尽管如此,破伤风在发展中国家仍然是一个重要的死亡原因。近几年破伤风的救治已越来越多地引起国内外专家学者的重视,国内破伤风相关的专家共识及相关规范《成人破伤风急诊预防及诊疗专家共识》《外伤后破伤风预防规范(T/CADERM 3001—2019)》《中国破伤风免疫预防专家共识》也陆续发布,使临床破伤风预防和诊治更加规范合理。为进一步提高大家对破伤风的认识和重视,《临床急诊杂志》特邀武汉大学人民医院急诊科主任魏捷教授主导并策划了本期专栏,对破伤风的关键环节、镇静镇痛、特殊病例、营养支持以及临床救治等不同方面进行系统的阐述和讨论,有助于急诊科医生更加全面综合地深化认识破伤风,并对此类患者的预防和救治进行恰当的选择。

Tetanus is a serious infectious disease caused by an exotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani,which can induce a series of serious complications,even cause death.What is more,there is no laboratory test that can be used as a perfect standard for diagnosis.In order to improve the therapeutic effect of tetanus patients,improve the prognosis of patients and reduce the mortality of patients,this article is mainly performed to illustrate the epidemiology,precaution,pathogenesis,clinical feature and treatment by summarizing and reviewing previous research.