不同施肥处理对’清香’核桃产量和品质的影响

Effects on Yield and Quality of Different Fertilization Treatments in ’Qingxiang’ Walnut

以’清香’核桃(Juglans regia)为试材,以节肥节水为目标,通过不同时期施肥,探索施肥时期及次数对’清香’核桃产量和品质的影响,旨在筛选适合山地土壤贫瘠核桃园的施肥时期和次数。结果表明:施肥处理的核桃产量及仁质量、出仁率和营养物质含量显著高于不施肥对照;萌芽期、幼果发育期和果实膨大期3次施肥处理产量、单果质量、种仁质量等高于其它各处理,但萌芽期或幼果发育期、果实膨大期2次施肥,其单果质量、种仁质量及出仁率等指标与3次施肥处理差异不显著;单次施肥处理以萌芽期或果实膨大期为宜,产量及单果质量等显著高于不施肥对照。施肥显著提高山地土壤贫瘠果园核桃产量及果实品质;萌芽期、幼果发育期和果实膨大期3次施肥,或者萌芽期或幼果发育期、果实膨大期2次施肥,增产增质效果显著;单次施肥以萌芽期或果实膨大期最佳。

The effects on the yield and quality of ’Qingxiang’ walnut(Juglans regia) was explored by applying fertilizer in different periods,aimed saving fertilizer and water.The purpose of this study was to screen the time and frequency of fertilization suitable for barren soil of orchards in mountainous.The results showed that the yield,kernel weight,kernel percentage and nutrient content of walnut applied with fertilization were significantly higher than control without fertilization.The yield,single fruit weight and kernel weight of three times fertilization in budding stage,young fruit development stage and fruit expanding stage were higher than other treatments.There was no significant difference in single fruit weight,kernel weight and kernel percentage between the twice fertilization treatments(budding stage or young fruit development stage,fruit expansion stage) and the three times fertilization treatments.The best period for single fertilization was at budding stage or fruit expansion stage,and the yield and fruit weight were significantly higher than control without fertilization.Fertilization significantly increased yield and quality of walnut grown in barren soil of mountainous orchard.Three times fertilization at budding stage,young fruit development stage and fruit expansion stage,or twice fertilization at budding stage or young fruit development stage or budding stage and fruit expansion stage,the effect of increasing yield and quality was remarkable;the best period for single fertilization was in budding stage or fruit expanding stage.