我国高等职业教育投融资创新发展探索

Probe into Innovative Development of Investment and Financing in Chinese Higher Vocational Colleges

高等职业教育迅猛发展,尤其是2019年国务院决定高职院校扩招一百万人的大背景下,高职教育资金短缺问题将更为突出。在分析我国高等职业教育经费投融资现状的基础上,发现高等职业教育经费投入近年来呈现逐年增长态势,然而增长率却一度出现下滑趋势,尤其是捐赠收入、事业收入、其他教育经费占高职教育总经费的比例近4年来呈现逐步下降态势。与公办高职院校相比,民办高职院校财政性投入不足,学费比重过高;与本科教育投融资相比,我国高职教育投融资存在经费不足、不同省区高职教育生均经费投入不平衡等问题。要解决我国高等职业教育投融资难题,在以财政投入为主的基础上,必须加大高职院校自身融资能力,拓展融资渠道,通过风险投资、校区置换、地方高等职业教育集团组建、办学模式转变、区域高等职业教育反梯度推进等创新发展模式,为高等职业院校科学可持续发展保驾护航。

With the rapid development of higher vocational education, especially under the background of expanding enrolment plan by one million students in Chinese higher vocational education in 2019, expenditure shortage of higher vocational education will be more serious. By analyzing the current situation of investment and financing of Chinese higher vocational education, it is found that the funds for Chinese higher vocational education have been increasing in recent years while its growth rate has shown a downtrend. The percentage of funds from donation, operating revenues and other sources in total higher vocational education funds has been gradually declining in the recent four years. Compared with public higher vocational institutions, Chinese private higher vocational institutions are lack of government investment and the students’ tuitions are too high. Compared with the investment and financing of undergraduate education, China’s higher vocational education investment and financing has some problems, such as insufficient funds, unbalanced investment of higher vocational education students in different provinces and regions. To solve the problem of investment and financing of higher vocational education in China, on the basis of financial investment, it is necessary to increase the self-financing ability of higher vocational colleges, expand financing channels, innovate development models such as venture capital, campus replacement, the establishment of local higher vocational education groups, the transformation of school-running mode and the anti-gradient promotion of regional higher vocational education, so as to provide scientific and sustainable support for higher vocational colleges.