改革开放之初中国建造高能加速器的技术路线之争

China’s Technical Route for Building High-energy Accelerators at the Beginning of Reform and Opening up

中国高能加速器建设计划在20世纪70年代末重新提上日程。高能加速器技术路线的确立,经历了从轰击固定靶质子加速器到正负电子对撞机的转变,即从"八七工程"的下马到北京正负电子对撞机方案的出台。"八七工程"是基于中国已有的技术基础和在最大范围内听取的海外专家的意见而做出的决定。因此,将"八七工程"称作"洋跃进"并不妥当。选择正负电子对撞机方案反而是一次"冒险"的决定,因为对撞机刚刚兴起不久,中国在改革开放之初还没有人才和技术基础。对撞机方案的选择离不开李政道等海外物理学家的强烈建议与积极支持。回顾这段历史,对中国大科学装置的建设具有启发意义。

In the late 1970s,China’s high-energy accelerator construction plan was put on the agenda again.The establishment of high-energy accelerator technology route experienced the transformation from bombarding the fixed target proton accelerator to the positron collider,that is,from the termination of the 87 project to the establishment of BEPC.87 Project is a logical decision based on China’s existing technology base and the opinions of overseas experts in the widest range.Therefore,it is not appropriate to refer to the 87 project as a‘leap’.The choice of BEPC was a‘risky’one,because the collider was just emerging and China had no talent or technology at the beginning of the reform and opening up.The choice of collider was inseparable from the strong advice and active support of overseas physicists such as Tsung-Dao Lee.Looking back on this period of history,it is instructive to the construction of large scientific installations in China.