新型农业经营主体的创新创业意愿及其影响因素

Willingness and influencing factors of innovation and entrepreneurship of new agribusiness entities

创新创业经济是落实乡村振兴国家战略的重要抓手.农村农业领域的创新创业的本质是新的附加值的创造,且具有自己的内涵和特征,其形式、规模和参与主体等更加多样化.本文以创新创业较为活跃的上海大都市郊区为典型案例,在半结构访谈和问卷调查的基础上,构建双变量Probit模型和解释结构方程模型,从新型农业经营主体的自身特征和外部环境2个方面探索其创新创业经济意愿的影响因素和作用机制.结果表明,从事质量农业创新创业的意愿主要受新型农业经营主体年龄、本地社会关系、土地流转年限以及资金、技术和劳动力供应等因素的影响,从事服务农业创新创业的意愿主要受其年龄、所在区位、本地社会关系、政府和村委会的支持力度、资金和劳动力供应等因素的影响.在作用机制上,个体特征和投入要素约束是浅层影响,区位、政策因素是中层影响,而新型农业经营主体的本地社会关系是最根本的深层次影响因素.

Innovation and entrepreneurship plays a critical role in the implementation of rural revitalization strategy.In practice,innovation and entrepreneurship in agriculture,based on its essence of creating new added values,has its own connotation and characteristics,and its forms,scale,and participants are diversified.Based on the result of a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews of a typical case of Shanghai suburb,this study analyzed the willingness of new agribusiness entities to engage in innovation and entrepreneurship and its influencing factors.A bivariate Probit model and interpretative structural modeling(ISM)method were applied to explore the influencing factors and the mechanism of interaction.The results show that age,local social network,time limits of land transfer,and the availability of capital,technology,and labor are the main influencing factors for quality agriculture related creative activities;and age,location,local social network,policy supports,and the availability of capital and labor are the main influencing factors for service agriculture related creative activities.Personal characteristics and input factors function at the superficial level,location and policy factors function at the middle level,while local social network is the most fundamental deep-seated factor.