集体林产权改革与森林资源变化研究综述

A review on the collective forestland tenure reform and changes in forest resources

集体林产权改革对实现中国森林资源永续增长具有重要意义.本文以集体林产权及其结构为视角,归纳分析近20年国内外关于集体林产权改革以及林地产权安全影响森林资源变化的研究,以期廓清集体林产权改革对森林资源影响研究观点及其争议,并分析缺陷和未来研究方向.现有研究多认为集体林产权改革能激励农户造林管护,并减少毁林与森林退化,有效实现森林资源的增长.已有文献为进一步研究二者的关系提供了极有价值的线索,但现有理论研究未能考察中国非农转移客观情景,更忽略了林权之间的交互机制;实证研究缺乏对集体林产权影响森林资源动态效应的分析,也未能妥善处理模型中的内生性问题.未来研究应从如下几个方面改进:①将劳动力非农转移情境纳入理论模型,并考察各林权之间的交互机制;②科学识别产权及其结构影响森林资源的动态效应;③在计量分析中应重点关注测度偏误、遗漏变量、自选择偏误及双向因果等导致的内生性问题.

The reform of collective forestland tenure is important for realizing the sustainable growth of forest resources.In order to clarify the controversies of the research on the impact of collective forestland tenure reform on forest resources and analyze the disadvantages and future research directions from the perspectives of collective forest property rights and its structure,this article summarizes and analyzes the literature about the impact of collective forestland tenure reform on forest resource changes and the security of forest property rights from both the theoretical and empirical aspects.Most studies have found that collective forestland tenure reform can encourage farmers’afforestation and forestland management and reduce deforestation and forest degradation,effectively increasing the forest resources.Existing literature has provided valuable clues for further research,but the theoretical framework of analysis fails to consider the reality of off-farm employment in China and the interactions between various forest property rights.Moreover,the empirical research neglects the dynamic effects of forest property rights on the forest resources and fails to effectively avoid the endogeneity problem of forest property rights in the model.Therefore,this article suggests that future research should:(1)be based on the actual situation of laborers’non-agricultural employment in China,construct a theoretical model in line with national conditions and explore the interactions between various forest property rights;(2)scientifically identify the dynamic effects of forest property rights on the forest resources;and(3)pay attention to the endogeneity problems such as measurement bias of systems,variable omissions,self-selection bias,and reverse causality.