美国综合课程改革指导框架、实施路径与借鉴

The Guiding Framework, Implementation Path and Enlightenment of American Comprehensive Curriculum Reform

美国综合课程改革注重追求教学价值、育人价值与社会价值的统一,从科内整合、科际整合、跨学科整合、超学科整合四个层面出发构建了多层次、立体化的综合课程体系,并孕育出全语文、社会科、STEM、21世纪主题等多种有代表性的综合课程形态。美国综合课程改革强调从课程理念的高度把握并推动综合课程体系建设,注重综合课程的相关性、严密性和参与性,以保障课程品质,并分类建立了课程标准和指南来保障综合课程的有效实施。值此我国重启义务教育课程标准修订之际,深化综合课程内涵建设应进一步强化课程整合意识,构建全方位、立体化的综合课程育人体系,有针对性地建立综合课程标准和指南,并通过师训、教研等管道提升教师的课程整合能力。

The comprehensive curriculum reform in the United States focuses on the unity of teaching value,education value and social value.In the process of curriculum reform, a multi-dimensional comprehensive curriculum systemic constructed,which includes discipline-integration,interdisciplinary integration, multidisciplinary integration and transdisciplinary integration.This system has also developed a variety of representative comprehensive curriculum forms such as the whole language, social sciences, STEM, and 21 st century themes. In order to ensure the quality of the comprehensive curriculum, America focuses on the relevance,rigor and participation of comprehensive curriculum.Through making the curriculum standards and guidelines, America improves the effective implementation of comprehensive curriculum.On the occasion of the revision of the compulsory education curriculum standards in China, deepening the connotation construction of comprehensive curriculum should strengthen the awareness of curriculum integration, build a comprehensive and multi-dimensional comprehensive curriculum system, and establish comprehensive curriculum standards.Besides,the school should build curriculum integration program and enhance the teachers` curriculum integration ability through school-based training.