西方教养方式的阶层差异研究述评

A Review on the Research of Socioeconomic Status and Parenting Style in the West

基于多学科视角,当代西方家庭社会经济地位与教养方式研究可以归纳为结构主义路径和个体主义路径两类。结构主义路径主要研究家庭社会经济地位作为结构性要素对教养方式的整体影响,个体主义路径则关注家长教育程度、家长职业和家庭收入等社会经济地位要素作为个体或家庭禀赋对教养方式的影响。总体而言,现有研究均指出家庭社会经济地位对教养方式具有显著影响,但是结构主义路径研究对具体影响机制分析不足,个体主义路径研究则较为多元分散,尚缺乏系统性的理论框架。中国关于教养方式的阶层差异研究大多属于结构主义路径,因此有必要结合中国的社会文化情境加强个体主义路径的研究。

Based on the multi-disciplinary perspective,the research on the socio-economic status and parenting style in contemporary west can be summarized into two types:structuralist approach and individualist approach.The structuralist approach mainly studies the overall influence of family socioeconomic status as a structural factor on parenting style,while the individualist approach emphasizes the influence of certain socioeconomic status factors,such as parents’education,occupation and family income,on parenting style as individual or family endowments.Generally speaking,existing studies have argued that family socioeconomic status has a significant impact on parenting style.However,the structuralist approach is insufficient to discuss the specific mechanism,and the individualist approach is diversified and scattered,which lacks a systematic theoretical framework.In China,most of the studies on the socioeconomic status and parenting style belong to the structuralist approach.The individualist approach research needs to be strengthened in the light of the social and cultural context in China.