我们需要怎样的学生自评——基于国外学生自评类型研究的整体性范式建构

What Kind of Student Self-assessment Do We Need——The Construction of A Holistic Paradigm Based on the Classification Research of Student Self-assessment in Foreign Countries

国外学生自评领域主要有三种类型。第一,认知兴趣分类视野下的学生自评,具体分为基于技术兴趣、实践兴趣和解放兴趣的学生自评。第二,权力关系分类视野下的学生自评,包括标准模式、学习契约设计模式、自我评分模式、健全标准模式和整合模式。第三,评估标准分类视野下的学生自评,包含自我评价、自评量规和自评脚本。以评估的"七大支柱"观照,为顺应"整合已有研究""突破现存问题"和"确立新型认识"的要求,当前需建构和发展"整体性学生自评范式",以全面认识和实施学生自评。具体而言,为实现持续优化学生学习的评估目的,要建立"学生为主,教师-同伴为辅"的自评主体结构,采用多样化自评方法和技术评估知识、技能及认知过程,通过提高学生的自评技能与专业知识、能力水平保障学生自评的准确性和真实性,并致力于让学生自评成为未来课堂评估的基础进而促成学生的终身学习。鉴于此,今后应转变自评观念以形成全面的自评认识,开设评估课程以提升师生评估素养,借助技术力量以优化自评环境,培育自评文化以发挥学生主体作用。

There are three classification frameworks for student self-assessment in foreign countries.First,self-assessment in the perspective of cognitive interest is divided into self-assessment in the technical interest,practical interest and emancipatory interest.Second,self-assessment in the perspective of power relations includes standard model,learning contract design,self-marking,sound standard,self-assessment with integrated tutor and peer feedback.Third,self-assessment from the perspective of the assessment criteria includes self-evaluation,self-assessment rubrics,and self-assessment scripts.According to"the seven pillars of assessment"and the requirements of"integrating the current research","resolving the existing problems"and"establishing the new concepts",it is necessary to construct and develop"a holistic paradigm of student self-assessment"to understand and implement self-assessment comprehensively.Specifically,in order to achieve the goal of continuous optimization of self-assessment,it is necessary to establish the subject structure of"student-directed,teacher and partner-assisted",using diverse self-assessment approaches and techniques to assess students’knowledge,skills and cognitive processes,improving self-assessment skills,professional knowledge and abilities to ensure the accuracy and realism of self-assessment,transforming self-assessment into the basis of classroom assessment in the future,and finally facilitating students’lifelong learning.Therefore,in the future,we should change the concept of self-assessment to form a comprehensive view of self-assessment,develop the curriculum for assessment to improve the assessment literacy of teachers and students,utilize the internet technology to optimize the environment of self-assessment and cultivate self-assessment culture to take the initiative of students.