高海拔地区发酵饲料的研发及在断奶藏仔猪饲料中的应用

Research and development of fermented feed and its application in Tibetan weaning pig at high altitude area

试验研究了混合饲料在高海拔地区的发酵效果,以及应用于断奶藏仔猪养殖效果。以3种不同豆粕、菜籽饼与麦麸混合比例的饲料作为发酵底物进行厌氧发酵,考察不同发酵时间饲料中pH值与常规营养物质含量的变化情况。将40头平均体重为(3.31±0.68)kg,遗传背景一致、身体健康状况良好的断奶藏仔猪随机分为2组,每组10个重复,每个重复2头猪。试验1组饲喂基础饲粮,试验2组饲喂添加20%方案1发酵饲料的发酵饲粮,试验预试期7 d,正式试验期28 d。结果表明:3种混合饲料随发酵时间的延长,pH值均显著降低。在发酵稳定阶段,方案3发酵饲料的pH值最低,显著低于其他2种发酵饲料,方案1发酵饲料的pH值最高(P<0.05)。饲养试验结果表明,试验1组的断奶藏仔猪生产性能最差,试验平均末重、全期增重、平均日增重、平均日采食量显著低于试验2组,而料肉比显著高于试验2组(P<0.05)。饲喂发酵饲粮的藏猪血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶的活性及尿素氮含量与白球比显著降低,总蛋白与球蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05)。由此可见,高海拔地区混合饲料经发酵后营养价值得到改善,应用于断奶藏仔猪养殖能够取得较好的效益。

The project mainly studied the fermentation effect of mixed feed and the benefits obtained from its application in Tibetan weaning pigs.Three kinds of feed with different mixing ratios of soybean meal,rapeseed cake and wheat bran were used as fermentation substrates for anaerobic fermentation to investigate the changes of pH value and routine nutrient content in the feed at different fermentation times.40 Tibetan weaning pigs with body weight[(3.31±0.68)kg]were randomly allotted to two treatments.Each treatment had 10 repeats,and each repeat had two pigs.The trial test period lasted for one week.Pigs in test group 1 were fed with basic diet,and pigs in test group 2 were fed with 80%of basic diet and 20%of fermented feed,the experimental test period lasted for four weeks.The results showed that the pH values of the three kinds of mixed feed decreased significantly with the extension of fermentation time.In the stable fermentation stage,the pH value of the fermented feed in plan 3 was the lowest,which was significantly lower than that of the other two kinds of fermented feed,and the pH value of the fermented feed in plan 1 was the highest(P<0.05).The average final body weight,total test period body weight gain,average daily gain,average feed intake,the contents of total protein and globulin in serum of pigs fed with fermented diet were significantly increased(P<0.05),while feed gain ratio,the contents of alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,urea nitrogen,albumin globulin ratio in serum were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The results indicated that the nutritional value of mixed feed was improved after fermentation at high altitude area,and fermented feed can get good benefit in Tibetan weaning pigs production.